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因它能使体内某些重要基团甲基化所致。硫酸二甲酯对皮肤的损害,除其腐蚀作用外,还可能引起接触性过敏性皮炎。近年来,国外动物实验报告,急性硫酸二甲酯中毒后可引起染色体畸变。用大鼠进行实验还证实有致癌作用。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>2.急性毒性\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>LD50：205mg\u002Fkg（大鼠经口）\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>LC50：45mg\u002Fm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>（大鼠吸入，4h）\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>3.刺激性\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>家兔经皮：10mg（24h），重度刺激（开放性刺激试验）。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>家兔经眼：100mg（4s），重度刺激（用水冲洗）\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>4.亚急性与慢性毒性 大鼠吸入0.5ppm，每周6h，2周，无影响；17mg\u002Fm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>,18周，MLC（最小致死浓度）。动物染毒半年之后，可以看出对疼痛的感受性降低。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>5.致突变性 DNA损伤：人淋巴细胞1mmol\u002FL。姐妹染色单体交换：人成纤维细胞1μmol\u002FL。DNA加合物：人HeLa细胞5μmol\u002FL。程序外DNA合成：人淋巴细胞10μmol\u002FL。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>6.致癌性 IARC致癌性评论：G2A，可能人类致癌物。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>硫酸二甲酯生态学数据:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>1.生态毒性 LC50：7.5~15mg\u002FL（96h）（鱼）\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>2.生物降解性\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>好氧生物降解（h）：168~672\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>厌氧生物降解（h）：672~2688\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>3.非生物降解性 \u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>空气中光氧化半衰期（h）：36.5~365\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fen\u002Fcas\u002F77-78-1_417668.html#duXinDiv\">硫酸二甲酯毒性英文版\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003C\u002Ftd>","\u003Cp>硫酸二甲酯的合成方法很多，如钠盐法、无水硫酸与甲醇直接反应法、二甲醚与三氧化硫合成法、氯磺酸合成法、硫酸氢甲酯法等。但除二甲醚与三氧化硫合成法外，都存在着产品收率低，原材料消耗大、设备腐蚀严重等题。 \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>1.工业上主要采用二甲醚和三氧化硫反应来生产硫酸二甲酯。先由甲醇脱水得到二甲醚。再将25%发烟硫酸加热蒸出三氧化硫气体，用硫酸二甲酯喷淋吸收。吸收了三氧化硫的硫酸二甲酯与二甲醚气体在合成塔反应，即生成硫酸二甲酯。工业品硫酸二甲酯的纯度≥98%。\u003Cbr \u002F>原料消耗定额：甲醇550kg\u002Ft、发烟硫酸（25%）3000kg\u002Ft。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>将适量发烟硫酸压入蒸发罐中，加热使之温度逐渐上升。当升温至140℃时，三氧化硫开始放出。待发生完毕，将蒸发罐中的剩余硫酸取走，发生的三氧化硫通入酯化罐中。再将适量的转化剂加入醚化罐，以蒸汽加热使其升温至130～140℃。同时以一定流速通入甲醇，即产生二甲醚气体。经硫酸洗涤除去水分后，流入酯化罐中。在酯化罐中，三氧化硫和二甲醚反应，产生硫酸二甲酯粗品，反应温度控制在88～92℃。将粗品硫酸二甲酯送入蒸发釜，在110～140℃，真空度94.7KPa下蒸出硫酸二甲酯，再经冷凝后收集在精酯贮罐中。蒸馏残液加氨水中和，使之生成硫酸铵，压入贮罐，为回收的副产物，用作化肥。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>2.用甲醇与硫酸反应，生成硫酸氢甲酯，然后继续与甲醇反应生成二甲醚气体，与三氧化硫作用生成硫酸二甲酯：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>2.制法： \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>于装有搅拌器、温度计、滴液漏斗的反应瓶中，加入氯磺酸200g（1.71mol），冰浴冷却至0℃，搅拌下慢慢滴加甲醇（2）54g（1.74mol）。加完后继续搅拌反应1h。加入无水氯化钙干燥。减压蒸馏，收集138～140℃\u002F2.66kPa的馏分，得硫酸二甲酯（1）84～90g，收率80%～85%。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Ctd>\n\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 国标编号: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 61116 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> ＣＡＳ: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 77-78-1 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 中文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 硫酸(二)甲酯 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 英文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> methyl sulfate；dimethyl sulfate \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 别 名: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 硫酸甲酯 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 分子式: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> C\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>H\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>S；(CH\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub> \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 分子量: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 126.13 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 熔 点: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> -31.8℃ 沸点：188℃\u002F \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 密 度: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 相对密度(水=1)1.33； \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 蒸汽压: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 83℃\u002F开杯 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 溶解性: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 微溶于水，溶于醇 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 稳定性: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 稳定 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 外观与性状: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 无色或浅黄色透明液体，微带洋葱臭味 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 危险标记: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 13(剧毒品)，20(腐蚀品) \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 用 途: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 用于制造染料及作为胺类和醇类的甲基化剂 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb> 2.对环境的影响: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>一、健康危害 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>侵入途径：吸入、食入、经皮吸收。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>健康危害：本品对皮肤、粘膜有强烈的刺激作用。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>急性中毒：短期内大量吸入，初始仅有眼和上呼吸道刺激症状。经数小时至24小时，刺激症状加重，可有畏光、流泪，结膜充血，眼睑水肿或痉挛、咳嗽、胸闷、气急，可发生喉头水肿或支气管粘膜脱落致窒息、肺水肿，成人呼吸窘迫症，并可并发皮下气肿、气胸、纵隔气肿。误服灼伤消化道，可致眼、皮肤灼伤。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>慢性影响：长期接触低浓度，可刺激眼和上呼吸道。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>二、毒理学资料及环境行为 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>毒性：属高毒类。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>急性毒性：LD50205mg\u002Fkg(大鼠经口)；LC50405mg\u002Fm3，4小时(大鼠吸入)；兔吸入155mg\u002Fm3×8小时，3日内死亡；猫吸入402mg\u002Fm3×11分钟，10日后死亡。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>亚急性和慢性中毒：大鼠吸入吸入0.5ppm,6小时\u002F周，2周，无影响；17mg\u002Fm3，18周，MLC(最小致死浓度)。动物染毒半年之后，可以看出对疼痛的感受性降低。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>致突变性：DNA损伤：人淋巴细胞1mmol\u002FL。姐妹染色单体交换：成人纤维细胞1μmol\u002FL。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>致畸性：体外细胞遗传损伤，中国仓鼠细胞染色体畸变阳性。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>致癌性：IARC致癌性评论：对人大概致癌。大鼠皮下最小中毒剂量50mg\u002Fkg，致肿瘤阳性。大鼠静脉最小中毒剂量20mg\u002Fkg(妊娠期15日)致癌阳性。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>危险特性：遇热源、明火、氧化剂有燃烧爆炸的危险。若遇高热可民生剧烈分解，z引起容器破裂或爆炸事故。与氢氧化铵反应强烈。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>燃烧(分解)产物：一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氧化硫。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cb>3.现场应急监测方法: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>气体检测管法 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>气体速测管（德国德尔格公司产品） \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cb>4.实验室监测方法: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>气相色谱法《空气中有害物质的测定方法》(第二版)，杭士平主编 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>1，2-萘醌-4-磺酸钠比色法《化工企业空气中有害物质测定方法》，化学工业出版社 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cb>5.环境标准: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>前苏联 车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度 0.1mg\u002Fm3 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cb>6.应急处理处置方法: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>一、泄漏应急处理 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>迅速撤离泄漏污染区人员至安全区，并立即隔离150米，严格限制出入。切断火源。建议应急处理人员戴自给正压式呼吸器，穿防毒服。不要直接接触泄漏物。尽可能切断泄漏源，防止进入下水道、排洪沟等限制性空间。小量泄漏：用砂土、蛭石或其他惰性材料吸收。大量泄漏：构筑围堤或挖坑收容；用泡沫覆盖，降低蒸气灾害。用泵转移至槽车或专用收集器中，回收或运至废物处理场所处置。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>废弃物处置方法：用焚烧法。 废料经笱释中和后焚烧，焚烧炉排出的硫氧化物通过洗涤器除去。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>二、防护措施 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>呼吸系统防护：可能接触其蒸气时，应该佩戴自吸过滤式防毒面具(半面罩)。紧急事态抢救或撤离时，佩戴氧气呼吸器。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>眼睛防护：戴化学安全防护眼镜。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>身体防护：穿胶布防毒衣。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>手防护：戴橡胶手套。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>其它：工作现场禁止吸烟、进食和饮水。工作毕，彻底清洗。工作服不准带至非工作场所。单独存放被毒物污染的衣服，洗后备用。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>三、急救措施 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>皮肤接触：立即脱去被污染的衣着，用大量流动清水冲洗，至少15分钟。就医。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>眼睛接触：立即提起眼睑，用大量流动清水或生理盐水彻底冲洗至少15分钟。就医。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>吸入：迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。如呼吸困难，给输氧。如呼吸停止，立即进行人工呼吸。就医。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>食入：误服者用水漱口，给饮牛奶或蛋清。就医。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>灭火方法：消防人员须佩戴防毒面具、穿全身消防服。灭火剂：雾状水、二氧化碳、泡沫、砂土。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr 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hydrochloride","(3R)-3-氨基丁-1-醇盐酸盐","2207524-70-5",{"slug":424,"cid":425,"name":426,"nameZh":427,"cas":428},"847915128748773376","J-1134250-6","(S)-(+)-2-AMINO-1-BUTANOL HYDROCHLORIDE","(S)-(+)-2-氨基-1-丁醇盐酸盐","28895-09-2",1792600785090,"zh-CN",[]]