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三氯化砷制备装置\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>2.图三氯化砷制备装置将200g三氧化二砷装入带有搅拌器的2L三口烧瓶中，加入700mL浓盐酸，在搅拌下，缓缓滴加200mL浓硫酸，如图所示。由于浓硫酸的滴加，反应所产生的水被除去，使反应向右进行。生成的AsCl3由于发生两相分离，而沉于烧瓶底部。浓硫酸滴加完之后，加热烧瓶进行蒸馏。从85℃开始有馏出液，但只收集90～107℃的馏分。将馏出液冷却，由于分为AsCl3液层(下层)及HCl层(上层)，可用分液漏斗将AsCl3分离。得到AsCl3 150mL，收率89%，纯度为99.999%。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>3.将砷装入pyrax玻璃管中，通入干燥氯气。在常温下，也能徐徐反应。在开始时，加热到150～200℃，砷在氯气中就进行放热反应，生成AsCl3。接受器可用蒸馏烧瓶，在所产生的AsCl3中有可能溶入氯，所以可加入少量砷粉末进行蒸馏。合成收率在90%以上。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Ctd>\n\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 国标编号: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 61013 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> ＣＡＳ: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 7784-34-1 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 中文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 三氯化砷 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 英文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> arsenic trichloride \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 别 名: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 氯化亚砷 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 分子式: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> AsCl\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub> \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 分子量: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 181.28 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 熔 点: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> -8.5℃ 沸点：130.2℃ \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 密 度: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 相对密度(水=1)2.16； \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 蒸汽压: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 23.5℃ \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 溶解性: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 溶于乙醇、乙醚、浓盐酸 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 稳定性: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 稳定 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 外观与性状: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 无色或淡黄色发烟油状液体 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 危险标记: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 13(剧毒品) \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 用 途: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 用于制造杀虫剂 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb> 2.对环境的影响: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>一、健康危害 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>侵入途径：吸入、食入、经皮吸收。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>健康危害：蒸气对眼、呼吸道粘膜有强烈刺激性，可引起喉水肿致窒息。大量接触可引起神经损害、食欲不振、恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻，甚至死亡。对皮肤有强烈刺激性，可致灼伤。可经皮肤吸收引起中毒。可致眼灼伤。本品在有酸或酸雾存在时，可产生溶血性毒物砷化氢。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>二、毒理学资料及环境行为 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>致突变性：DNA修复：枯草菌50mmol\u002FL。细胞遗传学分析：人白细胞600mmol\u002FL。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>危险特性：遇水和紫外线分解，散发出白色烟雾状的刺激性和腐蚀性的氯化氢气体。与金属钠、钾、铝混合，撞击后能猛烈爆炸。具有较强的腐蚀性。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>燃烧(分解)产物：氯化氢、氧化砷。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cb>3.现场应急监测方法: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>　 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cb>4.实验室监测方法: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>气相色谱法，参照《分析化学手册》(第四分册，色谱分析)，化学工业出版社 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cb>5.环境标准: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>前苏联 车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度 0.04mg\u002Fm3[As] \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cb>6.应急处理处置方法: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>一、泄漏应急处理 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>迅速撤离泄漏污染区人员至安全区，并立即隔离450米，严格限制出入。建议应急处理人员戴自给正压式呼吸器，穿防毒服。不要直接接触泄漏物。尽可能切断泄漏源，防止进入下水道、排洪沟等限制性空间。小量泄漏：用砂土或其它不燃材料吸附或吸收。也可以用不燃性分解剂制成的乳液刷洗，洗液稀释后放入废水系统。大量泄漏：构筑围堤或挖坑收容；用泵转移至槽车或专用收集器内，回收或运至废物处理场所处置。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>二、防护措施 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>呼吸系统防护：可能接触其蒸气时，必须佩戴自吸过滤式防毒面具(全面罩)。紧急事态抢救或撤离时，建议佩戴自给式呼吸器。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>眼睛防护：呼吸系统防护中已作防护。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>身体防护：穿连衣式胶布防毒衣。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>手防护：戴橡胶手套。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>其它：工作现场禁止吸烟、进食和饮水。工作毕，彻底清洗。单独存放被毒物污染的衣服，洗后备用。实行就业前和定期体检。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>三、急救措施 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>皮肤接触：立即脱去被污染的衣着，用大量流动清水冲洗，至少15分钟。就医。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>眼睛接触：立即提起眼睑，用大量流动清水或生理盐水彻底冲洗至少15分钟。就医。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>吸入：迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。如呼吸困难，给输氧。如呼吸停止，立即进行人工呼吸。就医。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>食入：催吐。洗胃。给饮牛奶或蛋清。就医。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>灭火方法：消防人员必须穿戴全身防火防毒服。灭火剂：干燥砂土。禁止用水。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003C\u002Ftd>","2026-08-21T07:51:12.859463Z",false,[394,400,406,412,418,424],{"slug":395,"cid":396,"name":397,"nameZh":398,"cas":399},"785895542667350016","J-42046-6","Zinc sulfite dihydrate","亚硫酸锌二水合物","7488-52-0",{"slug":401,"cid":402,"name":403,"nameZh":404,"cas":405},"785881554470572032","J-20040-6","tantalum","钽粉","7440-25-7",{"slug":407,"cid":408,"name":409,"nameZh":410,"cas":411},"785898539837296640","J-1347709-1","Calcium niobate(IV)","铌(Ⅳ)酸钙","12506-30-8",{"slug":413,"cid":414,"name":415,"nameZh":416,"cas":417},"785883802063867904","J-9511-6","Lithium manganese(III,IV) oxide","锰酸锂","12057-17-9",{"slug":419,"cid":420,"name":421,"nameZh":422,"cas":423},"785892575662837760","J-1339916-2","Lithium iodate","碘酸锂","13765-03-2",{"slug":425,"cid":426,"name":427,"nameZh":428,"cas":429},"785892363099705344","J-32358-1","Calcium hexafluorosilicate","氟硅酸钙","16925-39-6",1792600730638,"zh-CN",[]]