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LC50：1276ppm（大鼠吸入，1h）；342ppm（小鼠吸入，1h）\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>2.刺激性 \u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>大鼠经皮：50%（3min），重度刺激。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>人经眼：50mg，重度刺激。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>3.亚急性与慢性毒性 家兔吸入33~41mg\u002Fm3，平均20mg\u002Fm3，经过1~5.5个月，可出现黏膜刺激，消瘦，呼吸困难，血红蛋白减少，网织红细胞增多，部分动物死亡。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>4.致突变性 DNA损伤：黑腹果蝇吸入1300ppb（6周）。性染色体缺失和不分离：黑腹果蝇吸入2900ppb。细胞遗传学分析：大鼠吸入1mg\u002Fm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>，每天6h，共24d（间断性）。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>5.其他 大鼠吸入最低中毒浓度（TCLo）：4980μg\u002Fm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>（孕1~22d），引起胎死。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>氟化氢生态学数据:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>1.生态毒性 暂无资料\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>2.生物降解性 暂无资料\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>3.非生物降解性 暂无资料\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fen\u002Fcas\u002F7664-39-3_951990.html#duXinDiv\">氟化氢毒性英文版\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003C\u002Ftd>","\u003Cp>1.硫酸法：将干燥后的萤石粉和硫酸按配比1：(1.2～1.3)混合，送入回转式反应炉内进行反应，炉内气相温度控制在280℃±10℃。反应后的气体进入粗馏塔，除去大部分硫酸、水分和萤石粉，塔釜温度控制在100～110℃，塔顶温度为35～40℃。粗氟化氢气体再经脱气塔冷凝为液态，塔釜温度控制在20～23℃，塔顶温度为-8℃±1℃，然后进入精馏塔精馏，塔釜温度控制在30～40℃，塔顶温度为19.6℃±0.5℃。精制后的氟化氢用水吸收，即得氢氟酸产品。其\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>2.将工业级氢氟酸通过蒸馏提纯，冷凝分离除去杂质，并经微孔滤膜过滤除去尘埃颗粒，制得无色透明的电子级氢氟酸。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>3.以钢瓶工业氟化氢为原料，用聚乙烯管子接入洗涤瓶，打开钢瓶阀门，让氟化氢气体慢慢通入装有合格电导水的吸收器中，得分析纯氢氟酸。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>4.以工业氢氟酸为原料，先用高锰酸钾氧化原料中的有机物和亚硫酸，然后根据原料中的杂质含量加入碳酸钾(或氟化钾和碳酸钡)，以除去硫酸、氟磺酸、氟硅酸和盐酸等杂质(生成的不挥发物留于底层) 。搅拌均匀，静置，再搅拌，反应完全后，升温蒸馏，收集馏出物于干净犘 犞 犆 ( 聚氯乙烯) 容器内，即为试剂氢氟酸。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>5.生产氢氟酸有采用萤石及磷矿石两种原料路线。而以萤石为原料的硫酸法是工业上普遍采用的方法。将干燥后的萤石粉和硫酸按配比1∶(1.2～1.3)混合，经高温分解、粗馏、精馏及水吸收而制得氢氟酸。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Ctd>\n\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 国标编号: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 81016 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> ＣＡＳ: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 7664-39-3 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 中文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 氢氟酸 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 英文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> Hydrofluoric acid \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 别 名: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 氟化氢溶液 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 分子式: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> HF \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 分子量: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 20.01 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 熔 点: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> -83.1℃(纯) \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 密 度: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 相对密度(水=1)1.26(7 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 蒸汽压: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 溶解性: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 与水混溶 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 稳定性: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 稳定 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 外观与性状: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 无色透明有刺激性臭味的液体。商品为40%的水溶液 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 危险标记: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 20(酸性腐蚀品) \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 用 途: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 用作分析试剂、高纯氟化物的制备、玻璃蚀刻及电镀表面处理等。 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cp>2.对环境的影响: 一、健康危害 侵入途径：吸入、食入、经皮吸收。 健康危害：对皮肤有强烈的腐蚀作用，能穿透皮肤向深层渗透，形成坏死和溃疡，且不易治愈。眼接触高浓度氢氟酸可引起角膜穿孔。接触其蒸气，可发生支气管炎、肺炎等。长期接触可发生呼吸道慢性炎症，引起牙周炎、氟骨病。 二、毒理学资料及环境行为 急性毒性：LC501276ppm，1小时(大鼠吸入) 亚急性和慢性毒性：家兔吸入33～41mg\u002Fm3，平均20mg\u002Fm3，经过1～5.5个月，可出现粘膜刺激，消瘦，呼吸困难，血红蛋白减少，网织红细胞增多，部分动物死亡。 致突变性：DNA损伤：黑胃果蝇吸入1300ppb(6周)。性染色体缺失和不分离：黑胃果蝇吸入2900ppb。 生殖毒性：大鼠吸入最低中毒浓度(TCL0)：4980ug\u002Fm3(孕1～22天)，引起死胎。 危险特性：腐蚀性极强。遇H发泡剂立即燃烧。能与普通金属发生反应，放出氢气而与空气形成爆炸性混合物。 燃烧(分解)产物：氟化氢。 3.现场应急监测方法: 　 4.实验室监测方法: 离子色谱法 超纯酸的电感耦合等离子体质谱分析[刊,英]\u002FPaulsen P.J.；Beary E.S.；Bushee D.S.\u002F\u002FAnal.Chem.-1988,60(10).-971～975 《分析化学文摘 》1990.4. 5.环境标准: 中国(TJ36-79)车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度 1mg\u002Fm3[F] 6.应急处理处置方法: 一、泄漏应急处理 疏散泄漏污染区人员至安全区，禁止无关人员进入污染区，建议应急处理人员戴好面罩，穿化学防护服。不要直接接触泄漏物，在确保安全情况下堵漏。喷雾状水，减少蒸发。用沙土、干燥石灰或苏打灰混合，然后收集运至废物处理场所处置。也可以用大量水冲洗，经稀释的洗水放入废水系统。如大量泄漏，利用围堤收容，然后收集、转移、回收或无害处理后废弃。 二、防护措施 呼吸系统防护：可能接触其蒸气或烟雾时，必须佩戴防毒面具或供气式头盔。紧急事态抢救或逃生时，建议佩带自给式呼吸器。 眼睛防护：戴化学安全防护眼镜。 防护服：穿工作服(防腐材料制作)。 手防护：戴橡皮手套。 其它：工作后，淋浴更衣。单独存放被毒物污染的衣服，洗后再用。保持良好的卫生习惯。 三、急救措施 皮肤接触：脱去污染的衣着，用流动清水冲洗10分钟或用2%碳酸氢钠溶液冲洗。若有灼伤，就医治疗。 眼睛接触：立即提起眼睑，用流动清水或生理盐水冲洗至少15分钟。就医。 吸入：迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。呼吸困难时给输氧。给予2-4%碳酸氢钠溶液雾化吸入。就医。 食入：误服者给饮牛奶或蛋清。立即就医。 灭火方法：雾状水、泡沫。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003C\u002Ftd>","2026-08-21T07:51:12.859463Z",false,[392,398,404,410,416,422],{"slug":393,"cid":394,"name":395,"nameZh":396,"cas":397},"785882528379572224","J-1342054-9","Lithium amide","氨基锂","7782-89-0",{"slug":399,"cid":400,"name":401,"nameZh":402,"cas":403},"785896143362985984","J-43644-1","Lithium hydroxide","氢氧化锂","1310-65-2",{"slug":405,"cid":406,"name":407,"nameZh":408,"cas":409},"785895078555029504","J-40065-5","beryllium oxide","氧化铍","1304-56-9",{"slug":411,"cid":412,"name":413,"nameZh":414,"cas":415},"785872350573760512","J-1991789-4","Lithium fluoride","氟化锂","7789-24-4",{"slug":417,"cid":418,"name":419,"nameZh":420,"cas":421},"785897818110824448","J-1523607-4","graphene","氟化石墨烯","1034343-98-0",{"slug":423,"cid":424,"name":425,"nameZh":426,"cas":427},"785896673074221056","J-44894-9","Lithium 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