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transport",{"key":397,"value":398},"WGK德国","3",{"key":400,"value":401},"RTECS号","ON7175000",{"key":358,"value":359},"\u003Ctd>\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>L-苹果酸生态学数据:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>该物质对水有稍微的危害。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fen\u002Fcas\u002F97-67-6_951922.html#duXinDiv\">L-苹果酸毒性英文版\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003C\u002Ftd>","\u003Cp>1. 微生物（或酶）转化反丁烯二酸生产L-苹果酸\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>短杆菌、黄色短杆菌和产氨短杆菌等微生物均能使反丁烯二酸转化为苹果酸。先将原料反丁烯二酸与碳酸钙反应生成反丁烯二酸钙，再经转化柱（37℃）作用，生成苹果酸钙，经提取得L-苹果酸，转化率可达98%。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>2. 单一菌种一步发酵生产L-苹果酸\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>米曲霉、寄生曲霉、黄曲霉等微生物能发酵糖质原料生产L-苹果酸，以大米糖为原料，用黄曲霉菌（ASP Flavus UVT3），在500L发酵罐中通风搅拌发酵40h，产酸率4.4%~4.95%，对糖转化率为68%~75%。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>3. 混种发酵两步生产L-苹果酸\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>首先，无根根酶R25在含有12%葡萄糖的培养基中培养以积累反丁烯二酸，然后接种普通变形杆菌P1继续发酵2d，L-苹果酸的产量可达5.2~5.48g\u002F100ml，糖的转化率为86.7%~91.3%。用18%的薯干粉可代替含12%的葡萄糖的培养基，产L-苹果酸可达5.47g\u002F100ml。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>发酵液稀释后过滤，清液经减压浓缩、冷却结晶得苹果酸钙，用硫酸酸解得L-苹果酸，并用732树脂交换，洗脱液再用301阴离子树脂交换得苹果酸清液。最后经减压浓缩、冷却结晶、重结晶得成品。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>反应流程：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>4. 1. 从不成熟的苹果中单离出苹果酸；工业上主要用苯经催化氧化生成顺丁烯二酸酐，然后再高温高压下与水反应制取。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Ctd>\n\n\u003Cb>L-(-)-苹果酸\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cb>修改号码：6\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cstrong>模块1. 化学品\u003C\u002Fstrong>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 产品名称：\n\u003Cb>L-(-)-Malic Acid\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 修改号码：\n\u003Cb>6\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cstrong>模块2. 危险性概述\u003C\u002Fstrong>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb>GHS分类\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 　物理性危害未分类\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 　健康危害\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb>皮肤腐蚀\u002F刺激\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cb>第2级\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb>严重损伤\u002F刺激眼睛\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cb>第1级\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 　环境危害未分类\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb>GHS标签元素\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 　图标或危害标志\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 　信号词危险\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 　危险描述造成皮肤刺激\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 造成严重眼损伤\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 　防范说明\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb>[预防]\u003C\u002Fb>处理后要彻底清洗双手。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb>穿戴防护手套\u002F护目镜\u002F防护面具。\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb>[急救措施]\u003C\u002Fb>眼睛接触：用水小心清洗几分钟。如果方便，易操作，摘除隐形眼镜。继续冲洗。\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 皮肤接触：用大量肥皂和水轻轻洗。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb>若皮肤刺激：求医\u002F就诊。\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 脱掉被污染的衣物，清洗后方可重新使用。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb>立即呼叫解毒中心\u002F医生。\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cstrong>模块3. 成分\u002F组成信息\u003C\u002Fstrong>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb>单一物质\u002F混和物\u003C\u002Fb>单一物质\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb>化学名(中文名)：\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cb>L-(-)-苹果酸\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 百分比：\n\u003Cb>>98.0%(T)\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb>CAS编码：\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cb>97-67-6\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 俗名：\n\u003Cb>L-(-)-Apple Acid\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb>L-(-)-苹果酸\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cb>修改号码：6\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cstrong>模块3. 成分\u002F组成信息\u003C\u002Fstrong>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 分子式：\n\u003Cb>C4H6O5\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cstrong>模块4. 急救措施\u003C\u002Fstrong>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 吸入：\n\u003Cb>将受害者移到新鲜空气处，保持呼吸通畅，休息。立即呼叫解毒中心\u002F医生。\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 皮肤接触：\n\u003Cb>立即去除\u002F脱掉所有被污染的衣物。用大量肥皂和水轻轻洗。\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb>立即呼叫解毒中心\u002F医生。\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 眼睛接触：用水小心清洗几分钟。如果方便，易操作，摘除隐形眼镜。继续清洗。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb>立即呼叫解毒中心\u002F医生。\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 食入：\n\u003Cb>若感不适，求医\u002F就诊。漱口。\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 紧急救助者的防护：救援者需要穿戴个人防护用品，比如橡胶手套和气密性护目镜。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cstrong>模块5. 消防措施\u003C\u002Fstrong>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 合适的灭火剂：干粉，泡沫，雾状水，二氧化碳\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 特定方法：从上风处灭火，根据周围环境选择合适的灭火方法。\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 非相关人员应该撤离至安全地方。\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 周围一旦着火：如果安全，移去可移动容器。\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 消防员的特殊防护用具：灭火时，一定要穿戴个人防护用品。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cstrong>模块6. 泄漏应急处理\u003C\u002Fstrong>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 个人防护措施，防护用具，\n\u003Cb>使用个人防护用品。远离溢出物\u002F泄露处并处在上风处。\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 紧急措施：泄露区应该用安全带等圈起来，控制非相关人员进入。\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 环保措施：防止进入下水道。\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 控制和清洗的方法和材料：清扫收集粉尘，封入密闭容器。注意切勿分散。附着物或收集物应该立即根据合适的\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 法律法规处置。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cstrong>模块7. 操作处置与储存\u003C\u002Fstrong>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 处理\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 技术措施：在通风良好处进行处理。穿戴合适的防护用具。防止粉尘扩散。处理后彻底清洗双手\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 和脸。\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 注意事项：如果粉尘或浮质产生，使用局部排气。\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 操作处置注意事项：避免接触皮肤、眼睛和衣物。\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 贮存\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 储存条件：保持容器密闭。存放于凉爽、阴暗处。\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 存放于惰性气体环境中。\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 远离不相容的材料比如氧化剂存放。\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 气敏\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 包装材料：依据法律。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cstrong>模块8. 接触控制和个体防护\u003C\u002Fstrong>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 工程控制：尽可能安装封闭体系或局部排风系统，操作人员切勿直接接触。同时安装淋浴器和洗\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 眼器。\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 个人防护用品\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 　呼吸系统防护：防尘面具。依据当地和政府法规。\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 　手部防护：防护手套。\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 　眼睛防护：安全防护镜。如果情况需要，佩戴面具。\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 　皮肤和身体防护：防护服。如果情况需要，穿戴防护靴。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cstrong>模块9. 理化特性\u003C\u002Fstrong>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb>外形（20°C）：\u003C\u002Fb>固体\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb>L-(-)-苹果酸\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cb>修改号码：6\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cstrong>模块9. 理化特性\u003C\u002Fstrong>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 外观：\n\u003Cb>晶体-粉末\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 颜色：白色类白色\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 气味：无味\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb>pH:\u003C\u002Fb>无数据资料\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 熔点：\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb>103°C\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb>沸点\u002F沸程\u003C\u002Fb>无资料\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 闪点：无资料\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 爆炸特性\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 　爆炸下限：无资料\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 　爆炸上限：无资料\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 密度：无资料\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 溶解度：\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb>[水]\u003C\u002Fb>溶于\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb>[其他溶剂]\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 易溶于：\n\u003Cb>甲醇, 醚, 丙酮, 乙醇\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 溶于：二氧六环\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 不溶于：苯\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb>log水分配系数 =\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cb>-1.26\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cstrong>模块10. 稳定性和反应性\u003C\u002Fstrong>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 化学稳定性：一般情况下稳定。\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 危险反应的可能性：未报道特殊反应性。\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 须避免接触的物质\n\u003Cb>氧化剂, 还原剂, 碱金属\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb>危险的分解产物:\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cb>一氧化碳, 二氧化碳\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cstrong>模块11. 毒理学信息\u003C\u002Fstrong>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 急性毒性：无资料\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 对皮肤腐蚀或刺激：无资料\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 对眼睛严重损害或刺激：无资料\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 生殖细胞变异原性：无资料\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 致癌性：\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb>IARC =\u003C\u002Fb>无资料\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb>NTP =\u003C\u002Fb>无资料\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 生殖毒性：无资料\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cstrong>模块12. 生态学信息\u003C\u002Fstrong>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 生态毒性：\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 鱼类：无资料\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 甲壳类：无资料\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 藻类：无资料\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb>残留性 \u002F 降解性：\u003C\u002Fb>无资料\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb>潜在生物累积 （BCF):\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cb>0.1 - 0.3\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 土壤中移动性\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb>　log水分配系数：\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cb>-1.26\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb>　土壤吸收系数 （Koc）：\u003C\u002Fb>无资料\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 　亨利定律\n\u003Cb>8.5 x 10-8\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb>constant(PaM3\u002Fmol):\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb>L-(-)-苹果酸\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cb>修改号码：6\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cstrong>模块13. 废弃处置\u003C\u002Fstrong>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 如果可能，回收处理。请咨询当地管理部门。建议在可燃溶剂中溶解混合，在装有后燃和洗涤装置的化学焚烧炉中\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 焚烧。废弃处置时请遵守国家、地区和当地的所有法规。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cstrong>模块14. 运输信息\u003C\u002Fstrong>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 联合国分类：与联合国分类标准不一致\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb>UN编号：\u003C\u002Fb>未列明\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cstrong>模块15. 法规信息\u003C\u002Fstrong>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb>《危险化学品安全管理条例》（2002年1月26日国务院发布，2011年2月16日修订）: 针对危险化学品的安全使用、\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 生产、储存、运输、装卸等方面均作了相应的规定。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cstrong> 模块16 - 其他信息 \u003C\u002Fstrong>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>N\u002FA\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003C\u002Ftd>","2026-08-21T07:51:12.859463Z",false,[409,415,421,427,433,439],{"slug":410,"cid":411,"name":412,"nameZh":413,"cas":414},"785894606981042176","J-1311360-5","Sodium oxalate","草酸钠","62-76-0",{"slug":416,"cid":417,"name":418,"nameZh":419,"cas":420},"785892589092999168","J-33018-5","Diallylamine Hydrochloride","二烯丙基胺盐酸盐","6147-66-6",{"slug":422,"cid":423,"name":424,"nameZh":425,"cas":426},"848279947578445824","J-1134304-6","2-furanylmethanamine hydrochloride","糠胺盐酸盐","4753-68-8",{"slug":428,"cid":429,"name":430,"nameZh":431,"cas":432},"785897186553499648","J-1519521-4","Methyl L-threoninate","L-苏氨酸甲酯","3373-59-9",{"slug":434,"cid":435,"name":436,"nameZh":437,"cas":438},"853582254545309696","J-1123842-1","ETHYL SERINATE","DL-丝氨酸乙酯","39978-59-1",{"slug":440,"cid":441,"name":442,"nameZh":443,"cas":444},"785881355694116864","J-18986-2","Dihydroxyaluminum aminoacetate","二羟基氨基乙酸铝","13682-92-3",1792620569884,"zh-CN",[]]