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空气中，当羟基自由基浓度为5.00×10\u003Csup>5\u003C\u002Fsup>个\u002Fcm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>时，降解半衰期为2.2h（理论）。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fen\u002Fcas\u002F95-54-5_950966.html#duXinDiv\">邻苯二胺(OPD)毒性英文版\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003C\u002Ftd>","\u003Cp>1、以邻硝基苯胺为原料，用硫化钠还原法或催化加氢还原法制得邻苯二胺。在还原锅内加入21%的硫化钠溶液和邻硝基苯胺，升温至90℃，密闭升温至105-110℃，压力自升为0.1-0.2MPa，搅拌还原5h，降温至40℃以下，过滤。将滤饼加热熔化，减压蒸馏，收集140-210℃（7.89kPa）馏分即为邻苯二胺，收率70-80%。加氢过程在高压釜中进行，反应温度为95-105℃，压力为2MPa左右，在镍催化剂作用下通氢反应约1h，至氢压不下降为止。邻苯二胺的收率在97%以上。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>2、其制备方法有以下几种。\u003Cbr \u002F>邻硝基苯胺与硫化钠还原法\u003Cbr \u002F>用邻硝基苯胺与硫化钠溶液在压力98～196kPa、反应温度105～110℃情况下反应，亦可在反应温度120～130℃和常压下进行，反应时间3～4h，得到邻苯二胺。\u003Cbr \u002F>邻硝基苯胺加氢还原法\u003Cbr \u002F>以邻硝基苯胺为原料，兰尼镍为催化剂，在高压釜中控制温度95～105℃，连续通氢气至压力不降为止，在1.960 MPa压力下搅拌反应得到产品。\u003Cbr \u002F>上述两个制备方法中，用硫化钠还原法得到产品的纯度较高，工艺路线比较成熟，国内有较多的工厂用此法生产邻苯二胺。但该方法劳动保护条件较差，废水较多。而催化加氢法在工艺上还存在些问题，工业化有待进一步改进。此外还有邻二氯苯氨解法，国内有较多单位曾进行研究，但尚未工业化。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>3、在装有液封机械搅拌器及回流冷凝器的1升三颈回底烧瓶中，放入69克(0.5摩尔)邻硝基苯胺、40毫升20氢氧化钠溶液及200毫升95%乙醇。将混合物剧烈搅拌并在蒸汽浴上加热至溶液缓缓沸腾。停止加热，把130克(2克原子)针粉(纯度不低于80%,用量按130克纯度100%的物质计算)分成每份10克逐次加入，间隔的时间J以保持溶液沸腾为度。加完锌粉后，将混合物回并继续搅拌1小时，溶液的颜色从深红变为近于无色。把热混合物进行吸滤，并将残留的锌放回烧瓶中，用每份I}}毫升的热乙醇提取二次。加2一3克亚硫酸氢钠至合并后的滤液中，然后把溶液在减压下(用水泵)于蒸汽浴上浓缩至体积为125-150毫升。在冰盐浴中充分冷却后，收集淡黄色晶体，用少量冰水洗一次，放在真空干燥器中干燥。在}'7-1 }}融化的粗邻苯二胺的产量是46一50克(85-93%）。如果需要较纯的产品，可把产物溶解在含有1一2克亚硫酸氢钠的150-175毫升热水中，并用活性炭处理。在冰盐致冷剂中充分冷却后，滤出无色晶体并用10=15毫升冰水洗涤。\u003Cbr \u002F>也可把游离的二胺用下法变为二盐酸盐，并精制之。把粗的邻苯二胺溶解在由90-100毫升浓盐酸(比重1.19及含有2一3克氛化亚锡的50-60毫升水所成的混合物中，将热溶液用活性炭处理。在热的无色滤液中加入150毫升浓盐酸，然后在冰一盐浴中充分冷却。吸滤出无色晶体，用少量冷的浓盐酸洗涤，于真空中在固体氢氧化钠上干燥。邻苯二胺二盐酸的产量是77一81克(根据所用邻硝基苯胺的重量计算，为理论产量的85-90%\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Ctd>\n\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 国标编号: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 61789 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> ＣＡＳ: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 95-54-5 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 中文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 1，2-苯二胺 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 英文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> o-Phenylenediamine；1,2-diaminobenzene \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 别 名: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 邻苯二胺；1，2-二氨基苯 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 分子式: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> C\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>H\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>N\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>；C\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>H\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>(NH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 分子量: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 108.14 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 熔 点: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 102～104℃ 沸点：25 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 密 度: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 相对密度(空气=1)3.7 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 蒸汽压: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 100℃ \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 溶解性: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 微溶于冷水，易溶于乙醇、乙醚、氯仿 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 稳定性: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 稳定 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 外观与性状: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 无色单斜晶体 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 危险标记: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 15(毒害品) \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 用 途: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 作为农药中间体，染料中间体 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cp>2.对环境的影响: 一、健康危害 侵入途径：吸入、食入、经皮吸收。 健康危害：吸入、摄入或经皮肤吸收对身体有害。对眼睛、粘膜、呼吸道有刺激作用。 二、毒理学资料及环境行为 急性毒性：LD501070mg\u002Fkg(大鼠经口) 致突变性：微生物致突变：鼠伤寒沙门氏菌1g\u002FL。微核试验：小鼠经口216mg\u002Fkg，24小时。 危险特性：遇明火、高热可燃。与强氧化剂可发生反应。受热分解放出有毒的氧化氮烟气。 燃烧(分解)产物：一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氧化氮。 3.现场应急监测方法: 　 4.实验室监测方法: 气相色谱法，参照《分析化学手册》(第四分册，色谱分析)，化学工业出版社 5.环境标准: 美国 车间卫生标准 0.1mg\u002Fm3[皮](1，4-苯二胺) 前苏联(1975) 水体中有害有机物的最大允许浓度 0.1mg\u002FL(1，4-苯二胺) 6.应急处理处置方法: 一、泄漏应急处理 隔离泄漏污染区，周围设警告标志，建议应急处理人员戴好防毒面具，穿化学防护服。不要直接接触泄漏物，用清洁的铲子收集于干燥净洁有盖的容器中，运至废物处理场所或用沙土混合，逐渐倒入稀盐酸中(1体积浓盐酸加2体积水稀释)，放置24小时，然后废弃。如大量泄漏，收集回收或无害处理后废弃。 二、防护措施 呼吸系统防护：空气中浓度较高时，佩带防毒面具。紧急事态抢救或逃生时，应该佩戴自给式呼吸器。 眼睛防护：戴化学安全防护眼镜。 防护服：穿紧袖工作服，长统胶鞋。 手防护：戴橡皮手套。 其它：工作现场禁止吸烟、进食和饮水。及时换洗工作服。工作前后不饮酒，用温水洗澡。进行就业前和定期的体检。 三、急救措施 皮肤接触：立即脱去污染的衣着，用肥皂水及清水彻底冲洗。注意手、足和指甲等部位。 眼睛接触：立即提起眼睑，用大量流动清水或生理盐水冲洗。 吸入：迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。必要时进行人工呼吸。就医。 食入：误服者给漱口，饮水，洗胃后口服活性炭，再给以导泻。就医。 灭火方法：雾状水、二氧化碳、砂土、干粉、泡沫。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003C\u002Ftd>","2026-08-21T07:51:12.859463Z",false,[404,410,416,422,428,434,440,446,452,458,464,470],{"slug":405,"cid":406,"name":407,"nameZh":408,"cas":409},"785894653646868480","J-1330489-7","sodium 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