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\u002F>2.刺激性\u003Cbr \u002F>家兔经皮：500mg（24h），轻度刺激。\u003Cbr \u002F>家兔经眼：100mg（24h），中度刺激。\u003Cbr \u002F>3.亚急性与慢性毒性 多次重复染毒，几乎全部动物发生周围神经损害，表现四肢肌肉无力、后肢严重瘫痪、肢体远端肌肉萎缩、感觉障碍及腱反射消失。\u003Cbr \u002F>4.致敏性 对皮肤有致敏作用。\u003Cbr \u002F>致突变性 姐妹染色单体交换：大鼠经口600mg\u002Fkg（连续10d）。精子形态学改变：小鼠腹腔注射100mg\u002Fkg。\u003Cbr \u002F>5.致畸性 雌性小鼠受孕后6~17d，经口染毒540mg\u002Fkg，引发仔鼠肌肉骨骼系统发育畸形。\u003Cbr \u002F>6.致癌性 IARC致癌性评论：G2A，可能人类致癌物。\u003Cbr \u002F>7.其他 大鼠经口最低中毒剂量（TDLo）：200mg\u002Fkg（孕7~16d），引起新生鼠生化和代谢改变。大鼠经口最低中毒剂量（TDLo）：544mg\u002Fkg（9周，雄性），引起精子、雄性生育指数改变和植入后死亡率增加。\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cstrong>丙烯酰胺生态学数据:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>1.生态毒性\u003Cbr \u002F>LC50：103~115mg\u002FL（96h）（黑头呆鱼）；110mg\u002FL（96h）（虹鳟鱼）；100mg\u002FL（96h）（蓝鳃太阳鱼）；160mg\u002FL（48h）（水蚤）\u003Cbr \u002F>2.生物降解性 暂无资料\u003Cbr \u002F>3.非生物降解性\u003Csup> \u003C\u002Fsup>空气中，当羟基自由基浓度为5.00×10\u003Csup>5\u003C\u002Fsup>个\u002Fcm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>时，降解半衰期为1.4d（理论）。\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fen\u002Fcas\u002F79-06-1_895877.html#duXinDiv\">丙烯酰胺毒性英文版\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>1.丙烯腈硫酸水合法：丙烯腈和水在硫酸存在下水解成丙烯酰胺硫酸盐，然后用液氨中和生成丙烯酰胺溶液和硫酸铵，反应物经分离过滤后，将滤液结晶、干燥即得成品。此法的缺点是副产大量价值低廉的硫酸铵，又存在严重的硫酸腐蚀和污染等问题。每吨丙烯酰胺副产硫酸铵2280kg。原料消耗定额：丙烯腈（100%）980kg\u002Ft、硫酸（100%）200kg\u002Ft、氨（100%）700kg\u002Ft。2.丙烯腈直接水合法：丙烯腈与水在铜催化剂存在下，在85-125℃和0.3-0.4MPa压力下直接水合而得。该法得到的丙烯酰胺水溶液（只含少量副产物），可直接作为产品销售，避免丙烯酰胺粉尘污染，用水溶液对劳动保护是有利的。产品参考规格：外观为白色鳞片状或粉状。一级品含量≥95%；二级品含量≥90%；三级品含量≥85%。3.酶催化法：在室温下将丙烯腈水溶液送入装有菌种催化剂的固定床反应器中，经反应丙烯腈100%转化为丙烯酰胺。经分离，甚至可不经精制、浓缩就得到丙烯酰胺的工业产品。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong> 国标编号: \u003C\u002Fstrong> 61740 \u003Cstrong> ＣＡＳ: \u003C\u002Fstrong> 79-06-1 \u003Cstrong> 中文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong> 丙烯酰胺 \u003Cstrong> 英文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong> Acrylamide \u003Cstrong> 别 名: \u003C\u002Fstrong> \u003Cstrong> 分子式: \u003C\u002Fstrong> C\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>H\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>NO；CH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>CHCONH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> \u003Cstrong> 分子量: \u003C\u002Fstrong> 71.08 \u003Cstrong> 熔 点: \u003C\u002Fstrong> 84.5℃ 沸点：125℃\u002F3 \u003Cstrong> 密 度: \u003C\u002Fstrong> 相对密度(水=1)1.12； \u003Cstrong> 蒸汽压: \u003C\u002Fstrong> 0.21kPa(84.5℃) \u003Cstrong> 溶解性: \u003C\u002Fstrong> 溶于水、乙醇、乙醚、丙酮，不溶于苯 \u003Cstrong> 稳定性: \u003C\u002Fstrong> 稳定 \u003Cstrong> 外观与性状: \u003C\u002Fstrong> 白色结晶固体，无气味 \u003Cstrong> 危险标记: \u003C\u002Fstrong> 15(毒害品) \u003Cstrong> 用 途: \u003C\u002Fstrong> 用于制造水溶性聚合物即聚丙烯酰胺 \u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cstrong> 2.对环境的影响: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cbr \u002F>一、健康危害\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>侵入途径：吸入、食入、经皮吸收。\u003Cbr \u002F>健康危害：本品具神经毒作用。可引起疲嗜睡、手指麻木，位置性震颤，步态紊乱，肌肉萎缩，肌肉无力，手出汗脱屑以及接触性皮炎等。\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>二、毒理学资料及环境行为\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>毒性：中等毒类。\u003Cbr \u002F>急性毒性：LD50 150～180mg\u002Fkg(大鼠经口)\u003Cbr \u002F>刺激性：家兔经眼：5mg(24小时)，重度刺激。\u003Cbr \u002F>亚急性和慢性毒性：大鼠经口食物中添加0.02%～0.04%本品，1～6个月，出现末梢神经，神经轴突、髓膜变性。\u003Cbr \u002F>致突变性：姊妹染色单体交换：大鼠经口600mg\u002Fkg，10天(连续)。精子形态学改变：小鼠腹腔注射100mg\u002Fkg。\u003Cbr \u002F>生殖毒性：大鼠经口最低中毒剂量(TDL0)：200mg\u002Fkg(孕7～16天)，引起新生鼠生化和代谢改变。大鼠经口最低中毒剂量(TDL0)：544mg\u002Fkg(9周，雄性)，引起精子、雄性生育指数改变和植入后死亡率增加。\u003Cbr \u002F>致癌性：IARC致癌性评论：动物阳性。\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>危险特性：遇高热、明火或与氧化剂接触，有引起燃烧的危险。若遇高热，可能发生聚合反应，出现大量放热现象，引起容器破裂和爆炸事故。\u003Cbr \u002F>燃烧(分解)产物：一氧化碳、二氧化碳。\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cstrong>3.现场应急监测方法: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cstrong>4.实验室监测方法: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cbr \u002F>气相色谱法 《水质分析大全》 张宏陶等主编\u003Cbr \u002F>气相色谱法《固体废弃物试验与分析评价手册》中国环境监测总站等译\u003Cbr \u002F>色谱-质谱法 《水和废水标准检验法》第19版译文，江苏省环境监测中心\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cstrong>5.环境标准: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cbr \u002F>前苏联(1975)车间卫生标准 0.3mg\u002Fm3\u003Cbr \u002F>中国(待颁布) 饮用水源水中有害物质的最高容许浓度 0.0005mg\u002FL\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cstrong>6.应急处理处置方法: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cbr \u002F>一、泄漏应急处理\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr 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