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GHS06, GHS08",{"key":374,"value":254},"信号词",{"key":376,"value":377},"危害声明","H224-H301-H315-H319-H332-H351",{"key":379,"value":380},"警示性声明","P210-P281-P301 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338",{"key":382,"value":383},"个人防护装备","Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US)",{"key":385,"value":386},"危害码 (欧洲)","F+:Extremelyflammable;Xn:Harmful;",{"key":388,"value":389},"风险声明 (欧洲)","R12;R20;R40",{"key":391,"value":392},"安全声明 (欧洲)","S7-S16-S29-S36\u002F37-S46-S45",{"key":394,"value":395},"危险品运输编码","UN 1303 3\u002FPG 1",{"key":397,"value":398},"WGK德国","3",{"key":400,"value":401},"RTECS号","KV9275000",{"key":403,"value":404},"包装等级","I",{"key":406,"value":398},"危险类别","\u003Ctd>\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>1,1-二氯乙烯毒理学数据:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>1.急性毒性\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>LD50：200mg\u002Fkg（大鼠经口）\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>LC50：6350ppm（大鼠吸入，4h）\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>2.刺激性 暂无资料\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>3.亚急性与慢性毒性 \u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>动物接触0.379g\u002Fm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>和0.199g\u002Fm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>，每天8h，每周5d，数月后出现肝、肾损害。接触低于0.099g\u002Fm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>，出现轻度肝、肾病变。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>4.致突变\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>微生物致突变：鼠伤寒沙门菌5%。DNA损伤：大鼠吸入10ppm。程序外DNA合成：小鼠经口给予200mg\u002Fkg。细胞遗传学分析：仓鼠肺250mg\u002FL。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>5.致畸性大鼠孕后6~15d吸入最低中毒剂量（TCLo）80ppm（7h），致肌肉骨骼系统发育畸形。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>6.致癌性 IARC致癌性评论：G3，对人及动物致癌性证据不足。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>7.其他 TCLo：25ppm（人吸入）\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>1,1-二氯乙烯生态学数据:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>1.生态毒性\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>LC50：169mg\u002FL（96h）（黑头呆鱼，静态）；74mg\u002FL（96h）（蓝鳃太阳鱼，静态）；220ppm（96h）（红鲈，静态）\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>2.生物降解性 暂无资料\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>3.非生物降解性 空气中，当羟基自由基浓度为5.00×10\u003Csup>5\u003C\u002Fsup>个\u002Fcm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>时，降解半衰期为1.2d（理论）。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fen\u002Fcas\u002F75-35-4_895381.html#duXinDiv\">1,1-二氯乙烯毒性英文版\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003C\u002Ftd>","\u003Cp>1.氯乙烯氯化法：氯乙烯氯化后经碱解面得。在氯化反应过程中，有偏二氯乙烷、均四氯乙烷生成；在碱解过程中，有1,2-二氯乙烷生成。其中1,1,2-三氯乙烷经脱除氯化氢生产偏二氯乙烯，这是工业上普遍采用的方法。根据所用的碱不同，又可分为氢氧化钠法、氢氧化钙法和氢氧化铵法。前者最终产物中沸点低于30℃的副产物较多，且氯乙炔钙含量较高，但无环境污染；后者最终新科技中无氯化钙、氯化钠的副产物，后处理容易。在利用氢氧化物时必须进行强烈搅拌，以减少起沫的可能性，相应地增加设备的利用系数，氯乙炔的生成数量也可减少到位1\u002F10。\u003Cbr \u002F>①氢氧化钠法：此法又可分为两种类型，一是全部反应在一个连续反应器中进行，配料比(NaOH:CH2ClCHCl2)为(1-1.2:1)，氢氧化钠的含量为10%-20%，反应温度在50-70℃，产品含量为94%，收率为93.9%，二是用含氯化钠的氢氧化钠，使用1,1,2-三氯乙烷转化成偏二氯乙烯。此法直接采用电解液，而且脱氯化氢后生成的氯化钠可返回电解系统循环使用。因此，最适合于氯碱厂生产偏二氯乙烯。\u003Cbr \u002F>②氢氧化钙法：此法又可分为四种类型。其一，原料氢气化钙浓度为200g\u002FL，碳酸钙浓度＜20g\u002FL，氢氧化钙过量50%，反应开始时体系温度为80℃，然后升至90-92℃。反应结束后得到的粗偏二氯乙烯，经蒸馏提纯，收率可达80％以上。其二，由于生成偏二氯乙烯反应的控制步骤为界面上的物质转移，所以要加入少量表面活性剂和水提高接触效果。其三，为简化工艺，将反应和蒸馏合并在一个塔内进行。其四，先将氯乙烯和氯气通过反应器进行加成反应，再加10%的氢氧化钙，使1,1,2-三氯乙烷转化成偏二氯乙烯，精制后即得产品偏二氯乙烯。\u003Cbr \u002F>③氢氧化铵法：旭道公司提出用氢氧化铵代替氢氧化钠和氢氧化钙，投料比为NH4OH：CH2ClCHCl2=2:1(mol)，反应温度为120℃，压力约为0.86MPa，转化率为52.1%，氯化铵、氨和未反应的1,1,2-三氯乙烷可循环使用。氯化反应在塔式反应器内进行，塔内充有三氯乙烷，用铁环堆砌塔内作催化剂，氯气和氯乙烯按配比1.05：1（mol)从塔底通入，反应温度控制在35-45℃。由于氯乙烯与氯气反应液可以依靠温度差进行自然循环，也可以用泵进行了强制循环。反应温度约75℃，压力为常压，生成的偏二氯乙烯经釜上的粗分塔，再经精馏塔提纯提精产品偏二偏乙烯。目前国内诸厂均采用釜式碱解反应器，大多为间歇操作。过去曾有人使用2.5%-3.0%的石灰乳作碱液，后因堵塞设备而改用稀氢氯化钠溶液。在间歇操作中，碱解后期将反应温度升至85℃，结果是粗偏二氯乙烯的杂质明显增多，给精制带来困难。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>2.氯乙烷氯化碱解法：该法采用1,2-二氯乙烷为原料，在温度118℃，压力4.6MPa下，经液相氯化成1,1,2-三氯乙烷，反应物除1,2-二氯乙烷和氯气外，还加入12%乙烯，以加速二氯乙烷 的氯化反应。三氯乙烷经低沸塔和高沸塔提纯后与稀碱反应，脱除一分子氯化氢制得偏二氯乙烯；粗偏二氯乙烯经低沸塔、高沸塔精制得纯偏二氯乙烯产品。上述工艺氯化产率95.4%，碱解收率99.8%，产品纯度高达99.9%。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>3.甲基氯仿热裂解氯化氢法：此法采用氯乙烯为原料，与氯化氢加成生成1,1-二氯乙烷；二氯乙烷在480℃高温下氯化，所得氯化液产物主要有偏二氯乙烯、甲基氯仿（1,1,1-三氯乙烷）及氯乙烯。副产物有三氯乙烯、顺式二氯乙烯、反式二氯乙烯、多氯乙烷及氯化氢。氯化液经精馏将上述产物分离，氯乙烯和氯化氢返回加成工序，三氯乙烯作为商品出售，甲基氯仿经高温裂解成偏二氯乙烯，裂解混合物与氯化液合并精馏分离，偏二氯乙烯中加入阻聚剂作为商品出售，1,1-二氯乙烷与1,2-二氯乙烯经液相低温氯化成1,1-二氯乙烷与四氯乙烷，再送入高温氯化器。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>4.乙烷氯化、热裂解脱氯化氢法：此法采用乙烷为原料，在高温426.6℃下氯化成含氯化氢、氯乙烯、偏二氯乙烯、氯乙烷、1,1-二氯乙烷和甲基氯仿的混合物，用分馏方法将上述产物分开。氯化氢用于氯乙烯氢氯化反应器；甲基氯仿经高温裂解除一分子氯化氢生成偏二氯乙烯，与氯化液合并进行分离提纯，获高纯产品偏二氯乙烯。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>5.高温热脱氯化氢法：先将1,1,2-三氯乙烷预热至250℃，然后通入管式反应器进行分解反应。反应温度为350-500℃。本法的优点是分解产物氯化氢可以利用，但副产物1,2-二氯乙烯较多。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Ctd>\n\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 国标编号: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 32040 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> ＣＡＳ: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 75-35-4 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 中文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 1，1-二氯乙烯 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 英文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 1,1-dichloroethylene；vinylidene chloride \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 别 名: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 偏二氯乙烯、乙烯叉二氯 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 分子式: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> C\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>H\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>；CH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>CCl\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 分子量: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 96.94 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 熔 点: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> -122.6℃ \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 密 度: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 相对密度(水=1)1.21； \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 蒸汽压: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> -28℃ \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 溶解性: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 不溶于水 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 稳定性: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 稳定 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 外观与性状: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 无色液体，带有不愉快气味 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 危险标记: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 7(中闪点易燃液体) \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 用 途: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 用作辅聚剂、粘合剂和用于有机合成 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb> 2.对环境的影响: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cp>一、健康危害\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>侵入途径：吸入、食入、经皮吸收。 健康危害：主要影响中枢神经系统，并有眼及上呼吸道刺激症状。急性中毒：短时间接触低浓度，眼及咽喉部烧灼感；浓度增高，有眩晕、恶心、呕吐甚至酩酊状；吸入高浓度还可致死。可致角膜损伤及皮肤灼伤。 慢性影响：长期接触，除粘膜刺激症状外，常伴有神经衰弱综合征。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>二、毒理学资料及环境行为\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>毒性：对动物和人有致瘤作用。以吸入最为危险。 急性毒性：LD50200mg\u002Fkg(大鼠经口)；LC5025210mg\u002Fm3，4小时(大鼠吸入)；人吸入<5ppm，肝功能略有影响。亚急性和慢性毒性：动物接触0.397g\u002Fm3和0.199g\u002Fm3，8小时\u002F天，5天\u002F周，数月后出现肝肾损害。接触低于0.099g\u002Fm3，出现轻度肝肾病变。致突变性：微生物致突变：鼠伤寒沙门氏菌5pph。DNA损伤：大鼠吸入10ppm。致癌性：IARC致癌性评论：动物阳性，人类无可靠数据。大鼠吸入55ppm×6小时\u002F日×12月，肝血管肉瘤。 致畸性：大鼠吸入200ppm(妊娠)致畸胎作用。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>危险特性：易燃，其蒸气与空气可形成爆炸性混合物。遇明火、高热能引起燃烧爆炸。受高热分解产生有毒的腐蚀性烟气。与氧化剂接触会猛烈反应。其蒸气比空气重，能在较低处扩散到相当远的地方，遇明火会引着回燃。燃烧(分解)产物：一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氯化氢、光气。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cb>3.现场应急监测方法: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\u003Cb>4.实验室监测方法: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>监测方法\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>来源\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>类别\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>吹扫捕集-气相色谱法\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>中国环境监测总站\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>水质\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>气相色谱法\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>《水和废水标准检验法》第19版译文，江苏省环境监测中心\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>水质\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>气相色谱法\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>《固体废弃物试验与分析评价手册》中国环境监测总站等译\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>固体废弃物\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>色谱\u002F质谱法\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>美国EPA524.2方法\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>水质\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\n\u003Cb>5.环境标准: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>前苏联\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>50mg\u002Fm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup> \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>中国(GHZB1-1999)\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>地面水环境质量标准(I、II、III类水域特定值)\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>0.007mg\u002FL\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>日本(1993)\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>环境标准\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>地面水：0.002mg\u002FL\u003Cbr \u002F>废水：0.02mg\u002FL\u003Cbr \u002F>土壤浸出液：0.02mg\u002FL\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>　\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>嗅觉阈浓度\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>500ppm\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\n\u003Cb>6.应急处理处置方法:\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cp>一、泄漏应急处理\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>迅速撤离泄漏污染区人员至安全区，并进行隔离，严格限制出入。切断火源。建议应急处理人员戴自给正压式呼吸器，穿消防防护服。尽可能切断泄漏源。防止进入下水道、排洪沟等限制性空间。小量泄漏：用砂土或其它不燃材料吸附或吸收。也可以用不燃性分散剂制成的乳液刷洗，洗液稀释后放入废水系统。大量泄漏：构筑围堤或挖坑收容；用泡沫覆盖，降低蒸气灾害。用防爆泵转移至槽车或专用收集器内，回收或运至废物处理场所处置。 废弃物处置方法：建议用焚烧法处理。废弃物和其它燃料混合焚烧，燃烧要充分，防止生成光气。焚烧炉排出的卤化氢通过酸洗涤器除去。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>二、防护措施\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>呼吸系统防护：空气中浓度超标时，应该佩戴过滤式防毒面具(半面罩)。紧急事态抢救可撤离时，佩戴隔离式呼吸器。眼睛防护：戴化学安全防护眼镜。身体防护：穿防静电工作服。手防护：戴橡胶手套。其它：工作现场禁止吸烟、进食和饮水。工作毕，淋浴更衣。注意个人清洁卫生。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>三、急救措施\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>皮肤接触：立即脱去被污染的衣着，用大量流动清水冲洗，至少15分钟。就医。眼睛接触：立即提起眼睑，用大量流动清水或生理盐水彻底冲洗至少15分钟。就医。吸入：迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。如呼吸困难，给输氧。如呼吸停止，立即进行人工呼吸。就医。食入：误服者用水漱口，给饮牛奶或蛋清。就医。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>灭火方法：尽可能将容器从火场移至空旷处。时节水保持火场容器冷却，直至灭火结束。处在火场中的容器若已变色或从安全泄压装置中产生声音，必须马上撤离。灭火剂：雾状水、泡沫、干粉、二氧化碳、砂土。用水灭火无效。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003C\u002Ftd>","2026-11-02T09:24:19.736478Z",false,[413,419,425,431,437,443,449,455,461,467,473,479],{"slug":414,"cid":415,"name":416,"nameZh":417,"cas":418},"785882042352013312","J-21977-2","Cycloheptane","环庚烷","291-64-5",{"slug":420,"cid":421,"name":422,"nameZh":423,"cas":424},"785883203456995328","J-1154283-9","3,3-Dimethylpyrrolidine","3,3-二甲基吡咯烷","3437-30-7",{"slug":426,"cid":427,"name":428,"nameZh":429,"cas":430},"785872993652838400","J-1993580-9","Oxepane","氧杂环庚烷","592-90-5",{"slug":432,"cid":433,"name":434,"nameZh":435,"cas":436},"785883885836701696","J-41075-3","3-Aminopentane","3-氨基戊烷","616-24-0",{"slug":438,"cid":439,"name":440,"nameZh":441,"cas":442},"785888712742408192","J-922352-3","2-Methylpyrrolidine","2-甲基吡咯烷","765-38-8",{"slug":444,"cid":445,"name":446,"nameZh":447,"cas":448},"785894875575881728","J-39466-1","1,3-difluoropropane","1,3-二氟丙烷","462-39-5",{"slug":450,"cid":451,"name":452,"nameZh":453,"cas":454},"785892634022383616","J-33208-1","Allylthiourea","烯丙基硫脲","109-57-9",{"slug":456,"cid":457,"name":458,"nameZh":459,"cas":460},"785884697602297856","J-23915-6","Chlorotrifluoroethylene","三氟氯乙烯","79-38-9",{"slug":462,"cid":463,"name":464,"nameZh":465,"cas":466},"785889302788706304","J-27201-5","3-chlorocyclohexene","3-氯环己烯","2441-97-6",{"slug":468,"cid":469,"name":470,"nameZh":471,"cas":472},"785883357849325568","J-7986-7","Polydimethylsiloxane","聚二甲基硅氧烷","9016-00-6",{"slug":474,"cid":475,"name":476,"nameZh":477,"cas":478},"785881264988098560","J-1361623-4","3-Chlorohexane","3-氯己烷","2346-81-8",{"slug":480,"cid":481,"name":482,"nameZh":483,"cas":484},"785871875082293248","J-1990124-7","2-Ethyl-2-hexenal","2-乙基-2-己烯醛","645-62-5",1794256145670,"zh-CN",[]]