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大鼠腹腔最低中毒剂量（TDLo）：30mg\u002Fkg（孕17~19d），对新生鼠行为有影响。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>苯肼生态学数据:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>1.生态毒性\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>LC50：0.16~0.26mg\u002FL（96h）（斑马鱼）；21.4mg\u002FL（24h），15.7mg\u002FL（48h）（青鳉，静态）\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>EC50：＜1200μg\u002FL（24h）（水蚤，静态）\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>2.生物降解性\u003Csup> \u003C\u002Fsup>静态Zahn-Wellens试验，9~13d降解85%。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>3.非生物降解性 空气中，当羟基自由基浓度为5.00×10\u003Csup>5\u003C\u002Fsup>个\u002Fcm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>时，降解半衰期为9h（理论）。 \u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fen\u002Fcas\u002F100-63-0_402577.html#duXinDiv\">苯肼毒性英文版\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003C\u002Ftd>","\u003Cp>1.由氯化重氮苯经还原而制得。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>2.将苯胺与30%的盐酸水溶液以1∶2的摩尔比混合，冷至2℃，并控制温度在0～5℃下慢慢加入6mol／l的亚硝酸钠溶液至淀粉碘化钾试纸变蓝，继续搅拌30min，得重氮盐溶液，备用。在10～15℃下，用浓氢氧化钠将40%的亚硫酸氢钠溶液调至ph值6～7，并冷至0～5℃，搅拌下将上述重氮盐快速加入，之后，继续搅拌15min，当ph 值为6～7时，再升温至70～80℃，并慢慢将浓盐酸用导管通到反应液面以下，加完后恒温1～2h，冷至20℃以下，滤出的结晶即为苯肼盐酸盐。将所得苯肼盐酸盐用少量水溶解，加活性炭脱色，过滤后的滤液加入过量氢氧化钠溶液，冷却至15～20℃用苯或乙醚提取数次，合并提取液，并加入无水碳酸钾干燥，再进行苯或乙醚的回收，所得苯肼粗品在2399Pa下蒸馏，收集137～138℃馏分，即为纯品苯肼。过程反应如下：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Ctd>\n\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 国标编号: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 61813 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> ＣＡＳ: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 100-63-0 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 中文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 苯肼 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 英文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> Phenylhydrazine；Hydrazinobenzene \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 别 名: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 苯基联胺 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 分子式: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> C\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>H\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>N\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>；C\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>H\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>NHNH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 分子量: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 108.14 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 熔 点: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 19.4℃ 沸点：243.5℃ \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 密 度: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 相对密度(水=1)1.10； \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 蒸汽压: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 70℃（蒸汽压 1.33kPa\u002F115℃ ） \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 溶解性: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 不溶于冷水，溶于热水、乙醇、醚、苯等多数有机溶剂 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 稳定性: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 稳定 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 外观与性状: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 淡黄色晶体或油状液体，有刺激性气味 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 危险标记: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 14(剧毒品) \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 用 途: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 用于有机合及用作分析试剂 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb> 2.对环境的影响: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>一、健康危害 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>侵入途径：吸入、食入、经皮吸收。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>健康危害：本品有强烈的溶血作用，并能促进高铁血红蛋白的生成和损害肝、肾、心脏等器官，中毒表现有头痛、头晕、疲倦乏力、食欲不振、腹痛、腹泻，进一步则出现黄疸、贫血、白细胞减少、血尿及蛋白尿，对皮肤有刺激性和致敏作用。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>二、毒理学资料及环境行为 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>毒性：属中等毒类 。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>急性毒性：LD50188mg\u002Fkg(大鼠经口)；80mg\u002Fkg(兔经口)；人经口0.2g，中毒。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>致突变性：微生物致突变：鼠伤寒沙门氏菌4600nmol\u002F皿。微粒体致突变：鼠伤寒沙门氏菌1500umol\u002F皿。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>生殖毒性：大鼠腹腔最低中毒剂量(TDL0)：30mg\u002Fkg(孕17～19天)，对新生鼠行为有影响。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>危险特性：遇明火、高热可燃。与强氧化剂可发生反应。受热分解放出有毒的氧化氮烟气。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>燃烧(分解)产物：一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氧化氮。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cb>3.现场应急监测方法: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>　 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cb>4.实验室监测方法: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>空气中的测定：样品用装盐酸溶液的鼓泡器吸收，加磷钼酸，用比色法测定(NIOSH法) \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cb>5.环境标准: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>美国 车间卫生标准 20mg\u002Fm3(皮) \n\u003Cbr \u002F>前苏联(1975)水体中有害物质最高允许浓度 0.01mg\u002FL \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cb>6.应急处理处置方法: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>一、泄漏应急处理 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>疏散泄漏污染区人员至安全区，禁止无关人员进入污染区，切断火源。建议应急处理人员戴正压自给式呼吸器，穿化学防护服。不要直接接触泄漏物。在确保安全情况下堵漏。用沙土、蛭石或其它惰性材料吸收，然后收集运至废物处理场所处置。如大量泄漏，收集回收或无害处理后废弃。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>废弃物处置方法：用控制焚烧法。焚烧炉排出的氮氧化物通过洗涤器或催化氧化装置除去。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>二、防护措施 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>呼吸系统防护：空气中浓度较高时，应该佩带防毒面具。必要时建议佩戴自给式呼吸器。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>眼睛防护：戴化学安全防护眼镜。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>防护服：穿相应的防护服。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>手防护：必要时戴防化学品手套。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>其它：工作现场禁止吸烟、进食和饮水。工作后，淋浴更衣。单独存放被毒物污染的衣服，洗后再用。保持良好的卫生习惯。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>三、急救措施 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>皮肤接触：立即脱去污染的衣着，用肥皂水及清水彻底冲洗。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>眼睛接触：立即提起眼睑，用流动清水或生理盐水冲洗至少15分钟。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>吸入：脱离现场至空气新鲜处。必要时进行人工呼吸。就医。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>食入：患者清醒时给饮大量温水，催吐。就医。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>灭火方法：雾状水、二氧化碳、砂土、泡沫。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr 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