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空气中，当羟基自由基浓度为5.00×10\u003Csup>5\u003C\u002Fsup>个\u002Fcm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>时，降解半衰期为8.8h（理论）。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fen\u002Fcas\u002F100-61-8_830277.html#duXinDiv\">N-甲基苯胺毒性英文版\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003C\u002Ftd>","\u003Cp>1.可有几种方法：将苯胺蒸气与甲醚混合，通过活性氧化铝催化剂，于230-295℃反应制得。苯胺和甲醇在铅锌铬催化剂作用下生成粗品N-甲基苯胺。再经蒸馏脱除甲醇、水、苯胺和N,N-二甲基苯胺而得N-甲基苯胺成品。该反应也可在三氯化磷存在下反应（苯胺：甲醇：三氯化磷=1：0.9：0.003mol）。在实验室制备中，可采用硫酸二甲酯作甲基化剂。将硫酸二甲酯滴加至10%以下的苯胺和水的混合液中，搅拌1h后滴加30%氢氧化钠溶液。静置分取上层有机相，下层用苯提取，提取液回收苯后所得油状物与有机相合并，此即苯胺、N-甲基苯胺和N,N-二甲基苯胺的混合物。用硫酸处理混合物。用硫酸处理混合物，使苯胺生成硫酸盐结晶滤除。N,N-二甲基苯胺可与乙酐经下列反应转化为N-甲基苯胺。工业品N-甲基苯胺含量≥98%。原料消耗定额：苯胺1200kg\u002Ft、甲醇700kg\u002Ft。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>精制方法：用固体氢氧化钾干燥后减压分馏的方法可以除去颜色。由于N-甲基苯胺是由苯胺甲基化制备的，往往含有N,N-二甲基苯胺，靠蒸馏分离比较困难。可将其乙酰化，所得乙酰衍生物重结晶至熔点范围很小(m.p.101~102℃），然后用盐酸水解，减压下蒸馏。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>2.将工业品N-甲基苯胺减压蒸馏提纯。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Ctd>\n\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 国标编号: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 61756 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> ＣＡＳ: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 100-61-8 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 中文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> N-甲基苯胺 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 英文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> N-methylaniline \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 别 名: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 甲基苯基胺 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 分子式: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> C\u003Csub>7\u003C\u002Fsub>H\u003Csub>9\u003C\u002Fsub>N；C\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>H\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>NHCH\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub> \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 分子量: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 107.15 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 熔 点: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> -57℃ 沸点：196.2℃ \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 密 度: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 相对密度(水=1)0.99； \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 蒸汽压: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 78℃ \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 溶解性: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 溶于水、乙醇、乙醚、氯仿 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 稳定性: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 稳定 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 外观与性状: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 无色到红棕色油状液体 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 危险标记: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 14(毒害品) \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 用 途: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 用于有机合成及用作溶剂 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb> 2.对环境的影响: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>一、健康危害 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>侵入途径：吸入、食入、经皮吸收。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>健康危害：可形成高铁血红蛋白，造成组织缺氧；引起中枢神经系统及肝、肾损害。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>急性中毒：表现为口唇、指端、耳廓紫绀，出现恶心、呕吐、手指麻木、精神恍惚；重者皮肤、粘膜严重青紫，出现呼吸困难、抽搐等，甚至昏迷、休克。可出现溶血性黄疸、中毒性肝炎和肾损害。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>慢性中毒：患者有神经衰弱综合征表现，伴有轻度紫绀、贫血和肝脾肿大。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>二、毒理学资料及环境行为 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>刺激性：家兔经眼：20mg(24小时)，中度刺激。家兔经皮：500mg(24小时)，重度刺激。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>对生物降解的影响：水中含量1mg\u002FL以下时，亚硝化毛杆菌合NH3氧化的能力被抑制约50%，含量100mg\u002FL时，抑制90%。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>危险特性：遇明火、高热或与氧化剂接触，有引起燃烧的危险。受热分解放出有毒的氧化氮烟气。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>燃烧(分解)产物：一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氧化氮。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cb>3.现场应急监测方法: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>　 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cb>4.实验室监测方法: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>气相色谱法《空气中有害物质的测定方法》(第二版)，杭士平主编 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cb>5.环境标准: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>中国(TJ36-79)车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度 5mg\u002Fm3[皮] \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cb>6.应急处理处置方法: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>一、泄漏应急处理 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>迅速撤离泄漏污染区人员至安全区，并进行隔离，严格限制出入。切断火源。建议应急处理人员戴自给式呼吸器，穿防毒服。不要直接接触泄漏物，尽可能切断泄漏源，防止进入下水道、排洪沟等限制性空间。小量泄漏：用砂土或其它不燃材料吸附或吸收。也可以用大量水冲洗，洗水稀释后放入废水系统。大量泄漏：构筑围堤或挖坑收容。用泡沫覆盖，降低蒸气灾害。用泵转移至槽车或专用收集器内，回收或运到废物处理场所处置。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>废弃物处置方法：用控制焚烧法。焚烧炉排出的氮氧化物通过洗涤器或高温装置除去。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>二、防护措施 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>呼吸系统防护：可能接触其蒸气时，佩带过滤式防毒面具(半面罩)。紧急事态抢救或撤离时，佩带隔离式呼吸器。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>眼睛防护：戴安全防护眼镜。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>身体护服：穿防毒物渗透工作服。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>手防护：戴橡胶手套。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>其它：工作现场禁止吸烟、进食和饮水。及时换洗工作服。工作前后不饮酒，用温水洗澡。注意检测毒物。实行就业前和定期的体检。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>三、急救措施 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>皮肤接触：立即脱去被污染的衣着，用肥皂水和清水彻底冲洗皮肤。就医。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>眼睛接触：提起眼睑，用流动清水或生理盐水冲洗。就医。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>吸入：迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。如呼吸困难，给给输氧。如呼吸停止，立即时进行人工呼吸。就医。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>食入：饮足量温水，催吐。就医。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>灭火方法：灭火剂：雾状水、泡沫、二氧化碳、干粉、砂土。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003C\u002Ftd>","2026-08-21T07:51:12.859463Z",false,[375,381,387,393,399,405],{"slug":376,"cid":377,"name":378,"nameZh":379,"cas":380},"785894653646868480","J-1330489-8","sodium carbonate","纯碱","497-19-8",{"slug":382,"cid":383,"name":384,"nameZh":385,"cas":386},"785881299469471744","J-18647-6","N-Nitrosodiethylamine","N-亚硝基二乙胺","55-18-5",{"slug":388,"cid":389,"name":390,"nameZh":391,"cas":392},"785888790248951808","J-1410952-2","L-2-Aminobutanamide","L-2-氨基丁酰胺","7324-11-0",{"slug":394,"cid":395,"name":396,"nameZh":397,"cas":398},"785881635991064576","J-1065065-3","N-tert-Butylethylamine","N-叔丁基乙胺","4432-77-3",{"slug":400,"cid":401,"name":402,"nameZh":403,"cas":404},"785882319536787456","J-1329855-3","Triethylamine","三乙胺","121-44-8",{"slug":406,"cid":407,"name":408,"nameZh":409,"cas":410},"785883709201977344","J-8873-6","N-Ethylbutylamine","N-乙基正丁胺","13360-63-9",1792622197434,"zh-CN",[]]