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LD50：3300mg\u002Fkg（大鼠经口）\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>2.刺激性\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>家兔经皮：210μg，轻度刺激。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>家兔经眼：3500μg（5s），重度刺激。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>3.致敏性 有致敏作用\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>4.致突变性 微生物致突变：鼠伤寒沙门菌250μg\u002F皿。微核试验：小鼠腹腔内给药300mg\u002Fkg（24h）。细胞遗传学分析：小鼠经口500mg\u002Fkg。DNA加合物：小鼠腹腔内给药2000nmol\u002FL（1周）（间断性）。DNA损伤：小鼠经口500mg\u002Fkg\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>5.致畸性 大鼠孕后1~22d经口染毒最低中毒剂量（TDLo）6402mg\u002Fkg，致心血管系统发育畸形。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>6.致癌性 IARC致癌性评论：G3，对人及动物致癌性证据不足。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>三氯乙酸生态学数据:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>1.生态毒性\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>LC50：2000mg\u002FL（96h）（黑头呆鱼）；277mg\u002FL（48h）（青鳉）；2000mg\u002FL（48h）（水蚤）\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>IC50：200~250mg\u002FL（72h）（藻类）\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>2.生物降解性 MITI-I测试，初始浓度100ppm，污泥浓度30ppm，4周后降解7%。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>3.非生物降解性 暂无资料\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fen\u002Fcas\u002F76-03-9_826349.html#duXinDiv\">三氯乙酸毒性英文版\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003C\u002Ftd>","\u003Cp>1.由醋酸氯化后分离以氯乙酸母液作原料，硫磺粉为催化剂，在90-100℃条件下继续氯化，然后再结晶，即得。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>2.三氯乙醛法由三氯乙醛与发烟硝酸共熔氧化而得。用硝酸或高锰酸钾氧化三氯乙醛、在碘或三氯化磷催化和光照下直接氯化乙酸可制得三氯乙酸。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>精制方法：从它的熔融物分步结晶后，用干燥的苯反复重结晶精制。纯品应放在盛浓硫酸的真空干燥器中贮存。也可用氯仿或环己烷重结晶，用盛有五氧化二磷或高氯酸镁的真空干燥器干燥。三氯乙酸也可在硫酸镁存在下减压分馏精制。或在三氯乙酸中加入苯，先进行共沸蒸馏除去水分，再从残留的苯溶液中结晶精制。\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>3.将三氯乙醛与发烟硝酸混合共熔，进行氧化反应至不再有二氧化氮生成，制得三氯乙酸粗品：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>所得粗品在89.3kPa下精馏，收集馏分，即为成品。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>4.制法： \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>于装有搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝器、滴液漏斗的反应瓶中，加热硝酸（d1.5）330g，慢慢加热，搅拌下滴加无水三氯乙醛\u003Csup>①\u003C\u002Fsup>（2）296g（2mol），保持反应液温度在80～85℃，约1.5h加完。加完后继续保温搅拌反应3h。直至很少有二氧化氮逸出为止。蒸馏，直至无二氧化氮的棕色为止。减压分馏，得三氯乙酸（1）185g，收率56%。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Ctd>\n\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 国标编号: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 81606 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> ＣＡＳ: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 76-03-9 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 中文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 三氯乙酸 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 英文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> Trichloroacetic acid \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 别 名: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 三氯醋酸 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 分子式: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> C\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>HCl\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>；Cl\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>CCOOH \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 分子量: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 163.40 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 熔 点: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 57.5℃ 沸点：197.5? \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 密 度: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 相对密度(水=1)1.63 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 蒸汽压: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> >110℃ \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 溶解性: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 溶于水、乙醇、乙醚 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 稳定性: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 稳定 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 外观与性状: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 无色结晶，有刺激性气味，易潮解 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 危险标记: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 20(酸性腐蚀品) \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 用 途: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 用于有机合成和制医药、化学试剂、杀虫剂 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb> 2.对环境的影响: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>一、健康危害 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>侵入途径：吸入、食入、经皮吸收。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>健康危害：吸入本品粉尘对呼吸道有刺激作用，可引起咳嗽、胸痛和中枢神经系统抑制。眼直接接触可造成严重损害，重者可导致失明。皮肤接触可致化学性灼伤。口服灼伤口腔和消化道，出现剧烈腹痛、呕吐和虚脱。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>二、毒理学资料及环境行为 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>毒性：属低毒类。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>急性毒性：LD503300mg\u002Fkg(大鼠经口)；5640mg\u002Fkg(小鼠经口) \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>危险特性：不易燃烧。受高热分解产生有毒的腐蚀性气体。具有较强的腐蚀性。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>燃烧(分解)产物：一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氯化氢。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cb>3.现场应急监测方法: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>　 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cb>4.实验室监测方法: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>液-液萃取气相色谱法《水和废水标准检验法》(20版) \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cb>5.环境标准: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>前苏联 车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度 5mg\u002Fm3 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>美国(1976)农灌水标准 0.2mg\u002FL \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cb>6.应急处理处置方法: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>一、泄漏应急处理 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>隔离泄漏污染区，周围设警告标志，建议应急处理人员戴好防毒面具，穿化学防护服。不要直接接触泄漏物，将地面洒上苏打灰，然后用大量水冲洗，经稀释的洗水放入废水系统。如大量泄漏，收集回收或无害处理后废弃。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>二、防护措施 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>呼吸系统防护：空气中浓度超标时，应该佩带防毒口罩。必要时佩带自给式呼吸器。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>眼睛防护：戴化学安全防护眼镜。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>防护服：穿工作服(防腐材料制作)。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>手防护：戴橡皮手套。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>其它：工作后，淋浴更衣。注意个人清洁卫生。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>三、急救措施 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>皮肤接触：脱去污染的衣着，立即用水冲洗至少15分钟。若有灼伤，就医治疗。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>眼睛接触：立即提起眼睑，用流动清水或生理盐水冲洗至少15分钟。就医。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>吸入：迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。必要时进行人工呼吸。就医。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>食入：误服者立即漱口，给饮牛奶或蛋清。就医。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>灭火方法：雾状水、泡沫、二氧化碳、砂土。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr 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