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家兔经皮：10mg（24h），轻度刺激（开放性刺激试验）\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>N,N-二甲基苯胺生态学数据:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>1.生态毒性\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>LC50：78.2mg\u002FL（96h）（黑头呆鱼，动态）；78mg\u002FL（48h）（青鳉，动态）；\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>69mg\u002FL（48h）（金鱼，动态）；5mg\u002FL（48h）（水蚤）\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>EC50：110mg\u002FL（24h）（梨形四膜虫）；340mg\u002FL（96h）（栅藻）\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>2.生物降解性\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>好氧生物降解（h）：672~4320\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>厌氧生物降解（h）：2880~17280\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>3.非生物降解性\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>水中光氧化半衰期（h）：19.3~1925\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>空气中光氧化半衰期（h）：2.7~21\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>4.生物富集性 BCF：3~13（鲤鱼，接触时间48h)\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fen\u002Fcas\u002F121-69-7_819651.html#duXinDiv\">N,N-二甲基苯胺毒性英文版\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003C\u002Ftd>","\u003Cp>1.由苯胺与甲醇在硫酸存在下，经高温高压反应而得。工艺流程：1、在反应釜内加入苯胺790kg、甲醇625kg、硫酸85kg(均铵100%计），控制温度210-215℃，压力3.1MPa，反应4h，然后泄压，物料排放至分离器，用30%氢氧化钠中和，静置，分出下层季铵盐。然后在160℃、0.7-0.9MPa下水解反应3h，所得水解产物与上层油状物合并经水洗后真空蒸馏得成品。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>2、以甲醇和苯胺为原料，在甲醇过量、常压、200-250℃的条件下，通过氧化铝催化剂合成。原料消耗定额：苯胺790kg\u002Ft、甲醇625kg\u002Ft、硫酸85kg\u002Ft。实验室制备可将苯胺与磷酸三甲酯反应。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>3、将苯胺和甲醇混合（n苯胺：n甲醇≈1：3），并通过往复式无脉冲计量泵按空速0.5h－1注入装有催化剂的反应器，反应流出物先进入玻璃气液分离器，分离器下部收集的液体定时取出进行色谱分析。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>4、2001年南开大学和天津瑞凯科技发展有限公司联合研制了一种高效苯胺甲基化催化剂，实现了气相合成N，N-二甲基苯胺。工艺过程如下：液体苯胺与甲醇比例混合后，在汽化塔中汽化，然后进入管状反应器、空速为0.5-1.0h－1（管状反应器的固定床装有负载型纳米固体催化剂），在250-300℃、常压下连续生产。DMA收率达96%以上。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>精制方法：常含有苯胺、N-甲基苯胺等杂质。精制时将N,N-二甲基苯胺溶解于40%硫酸中，进行水蒸气蒸馏。加入氢氧化钠使呈碱性。继续进行水蒸气蒸馏。馏出物分去水层，用氢氧化钾干燥。在乙酐存在下进行常压蒸馏。馏出物用水洗涤，除去微量的乙酐，用氢氧化钾，其次用氧化钡干燥，在氮气流中进行减压蒸馏。其他的精制方法有：加入10%的乙酐回流几小时，以除去伯胺和仲胺。冷却后加入过量的20%的盐酸，用乙醚萃取。盐酸层加碱使呈碱性，再用乙醚萃取，醚层用氢氧化钾干燥后在氮气流下减压蒸馏。也可以将N,N-二甲基苯胺转变成苦味酸盐，重结晶至熔点恒定后用温热的10%的氢氧化钠水溶液分解苦味酸盐。再用乙醚萃取，水洗和干燥后减压蒸馏。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>5.苯胺、甲醇和硫酸按比例混合均匀，在高压釜内进行缩合反应，反应产物经泄压回收甲醇后，加碱中和、分离再经减压蒸馏即得产品。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>6.苯胺与磷酸三甲酯进行甲基化反应可生成N，N-二甲基苯胺：然后用乙醚萃取，干燥蒸馏。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>7.在铜-锰体系或铜-锌- 铬体系的齐格勒触媒的催化床上于280℃通入按1∶ 3.5的比例配制的苯胺和甲醇混合蒸气，可合成N,N-二甲基苯胺。得到的N,N-二甲基苯胺经54块塔板的精馏装置上收集193-195℃间馏分，装入棕色玻璃瓶内即可。为制备色谱纯N,N-二甲基苯胺，可以氮气为载气，在带有犇犅犛柱的制备气相色谱仪上注入上述精馏得到的N,N-二甲基苯胺，通过分离收集主组分峰馏分，然后装入玻璃安瓿瓶中密封即可。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Ctd>\n\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 国标编号: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 61078 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> ＣＡＳ: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 121-69-7 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 中文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> N，N-二甲苯胺 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 英文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> N,N-Dimethylaniline \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 别 名: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> N，N-二甲基苯胺 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 分子式: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> C\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>H\u003Csub>11\u003C\u002Fsub>N；C\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>H\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>N(CH\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 分子量: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 121.18 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 熔 点: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 2.5℃ 沸点：193.1℃ \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 密 度: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 相对密度(水=1)0.96； \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 蒸汽压: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 62.8℃ \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 溶解性: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 不溶于水，溶于乙醇、乙醚、氯仿 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 稳定性: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 稳定 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 外观与性状: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 黄色 油状液体 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 危险标记: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 15(有害品，远离食品) \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 用 途: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 用作染料中间体、溶剂、稳定剂、分析试剂 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb> 2.对环境的影响: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 一、健康危害 \n\u003Cbr \u002F> 侵入途径：吸入、食入、经皮吸收。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>健康危害：毒性表现与苯胺相似，但比苯胺弱，皮肤接触可发生溃疡。吸收后导致形成高铁血红蛋白而引起发绀。接触后可出现恶心、眩晕、头痛以及血液的影响。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F> 二、毒理学资料及环境行为 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>急性毒性：LD\n\u003Csub>50\u003C\u002Fsub>1410mg\u002Fkg(大鼠经口)；1770mg\u002Fkg(兔经皮)\n\u003Cbr \u002F>危险特性：遇明火、高热或与氧化剂接触，有引起燃烧爆炸的危险。受热分解放出有毒的氧化氮烟气。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>燃烧(分解)产物：一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氧化氮。 \n\n\u003Cb>3.现场应急监测方法: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 　 \n\n\n\u003Cb>4.实验室监测方法: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 气相色谱法《空气中有害物质的测定方法》(第二版)杭士平主编 \n\n\u003Cb>5.环境标准: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>前苏联 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>0.2mg\u002Fm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>前苏联(1977)\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>居民区大气中有害物最大允许浓度\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>0.0055mg\u002Fm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>(最大值，昼夜均值)\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>前苏联(1975)\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>水体中有害物质的最大允许浓度\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>0.1mg\u002FL\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cb>6.应急处理处置方法: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 一、泄漏应急处理 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>疏散泄漏污染区人员至安全区，禁止无关人员进入污染区，切断火源。建议应急处理人员戴自给式呼吸器，穿化学防护服。不要直接接触泄漏物，在确保安全情况下堵漏。喷水雾会减少蒸发，但不能降低泄漏物在受限制空间内的易燃性。用沙土或其它不燃性吸附剂混合吸收，然后收集运至废物处理场所处置。如大量泄漏，利用围堤收容，然后收集、转移、回收或无害处理后废弃。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>废弃物处置方法：用焚烧法，焚烧炉要有后燃烧室，焚烧炉排出的氮氧化物通过洗涤器除去。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F> 二、防护措施 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>呼吸系统防护：可能接触其蒸气时，佩带防毒面具。紧急事态抢救或逃生时，佩带自给式呼吸器。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>眼睛防护：戴化学安全防护眼镜。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>防护服：穿紧袖工作服，长筒胶鞋。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>手防护：戴橡皮手套。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>其它：工作现场严禁吸烟、进食和饮水。及时换洗工作服。工作前后不饮酒，用温水洗澡。监测毒物。进行就业前和定期的体检。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F> 三、急救措施 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>皮肤接触：立即脱去污染的衣着，用肥皂水及清水彻底冲洗。注意手、足和指甲等部位。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>眼睛接触：立即提起眼睑，用大量流动清水或生理盐水冲洗。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>吸入：迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。呼吸困难时给输氧。呼吸停止时，立即进行人工呼吸。就医。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>食入：误服者给漱口，饮水，洗胃后口服活性炭，再给以导泻。就医。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F> 灭火方法：雾状水、泡沫、二氧化碳、干粉、砂土。\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr 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dihydroxide","双氢氧化乙二胺铜(II)","14552-35-3",1792625872165,"zh-CN",[]]