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href=\"\u002Fen\u002Fcas\u002F121-75-5_392821.html#duXinDiv\">马拉硫磷毒性英文版\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003C\u002Ftd>","\u003Cp>由五硫化二磷和甲醇合成二甲基二硫代磷酸酯，然后与顺丁烯二酸二乙酯加成得到马拉硫磷。将顺丁烯二酸二乙酯（以100%计为380kg）投入1000L搪玻璃反应锅内搅拌，控制温度在45℃以下，投入350kg五硫化二磷。慢慢滴加甲醇，控制温度为48-55℃，约2h加完250kg甲醇。加毕，保持65-75℃反应8h。反应产生硫化氢和逸出甲醇蒸气，经冷凝器使甲醇回流，硫化氢则用碱液吸收。反这过程在负压下进行。反应完成后，冷却至40-50℃，静置分层使杂质沉淀。上层原油先后进行水洗、碱洗、水洗，然后在真空脱水锅进行脱水，在85℃以下（真空度93.3kPa）使原油中的水分蒸发1.5-2h，得马拉硫磷原油。原料消耗定额：顺酐430kg\u002Ft、五硫化二磷470kg\u002Ft、乙醇420kg\u002Ft、甲醇390kg\u002Ft。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Ctd>\n\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 国标编号: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 61875 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> ＣＡＳ: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 121-75-5 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 中文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 马拉硫磷 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 英文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> malathion \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 别 名: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 马拉松；四O四九；马拉塞昂；O，O-二甲基-S-{1, 2-双(乙氧羰基)乙基}二硫代磷酸酯 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 分子式: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> C\u003Csub>10\u003C\u002Fsub>H\u003Csub>19\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>PS\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 分子量: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 330.36 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 熔 点: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 2.85℃ 沸点：156～15 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 密 度: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 相对密度(水=1)1.23 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 蒸汽压: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 30℃ \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 溶解性: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 微溶于水，易溶于醇、酮、醚等 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 稳定性: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 对光稳定但对热的稳定性稍差。在pH小于5或碱性溶液中? \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 外观与性状: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 纯品为黄色油状液体，略带有醋气味 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 危险标记: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 15(有害品，远离食品) \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 用 途: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 为非内吸性杀虫、杀螨剂。适用于防治水稻、高梁、蔬菜、果树等作物上的多种咀嚼式口器和刺吸式口器的害虫 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb> 2.对环境的影响: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cp>一、健康危害\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>侵入途径：吸入、食入、经皮吸收。 健康危害：抑制胆碱酯酶活性，造成神经生理功能紊乱。 急性中毒：职业中毒不多见，多系口服引起。表现有头痛、头昏、食欲减退、恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻、流涎、瞳孔缩小、呼吸道分泌物增多、多汗、肌束震颤等。重者出现肺水肿、脑水肿、昏迷、呼吸麻痹。部分病例可有心、肝、肾损害。少数严重病例在意识恢复后数周或数朋发生周围神经病。个别严重病例可发生迟发性猝死。血胆碱酯酶活性降低。慢性中毒：尚有争论。有神经衰弱综合征、多汗、肌束震颤等。血胆碱酯酶活性降低。对皮肤有刺激和致敏作用，可引起皮炎。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>二、毒理学资料及环境行为\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>毒性：属低毒类。 急性毒性：LD501800mg\u002Fkg(大鼠经口)；4444mg\u002Fkg(大鼠经皮) 亚急性和慢性毒性：慢性毒性很低，用含本品5000ppm饲料饲养大鼠2年，不出现死亡。 致突变性：微生物致突变：鼠伤寒沙门氏菌10mg\u002FL；枯草菌1nmol\u002F皿；其它微生物100mg\u002FL。姊妹染色单体交换：人类淋巴细胞20mg\u002FL；人类成纤维细胞5mg\u002FL。生殖毒性：大鼠经口最低中毒剂量(TDL0)：5550mg\u002Fkg(孕91天\u002F1～20天)，致体壁发育异常。 大鼠经口最低中毒剂量(TDL0)：283mg\u002Fkg(孕9天)，泌尿系统异常。 以1000mg马拉硫磷原药\u002Fkg剂量的饮料喂大白鼠92周，体重能正常增加。水生生物忍度限量(48小时)：鲤鱼为9.0ppm 马拉硫磷对鱼类低毒，但其分解产物马来酸二乙酯，马来酸对水生生物高毒，对蜜蜂等益虫高毒。 代谢和降解：马拉硫磷的降解主要通过水解和氧化作用。这些反应可以在空气、水、土壤和生物机体内进行。在土壤中马拉硫磷可因微生物活动而迅速水解。在消毒过的土壤中每天降解7%，而在普通土壤中97%马拉硫磷被降解。 残留与蓄积：马拉硫磷属弱蓄积化合物，在土壤、作物和机体内的残留均不严重。 迁移转化：马拉硫磷在环境中的行为与有机磷受农药的一般规律相同，可以在大气、水体和土壤间相互迁移，不大会由生物携带扩散。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>危险特性：遇明火、高热可燃。与强氧化剂可发生反应。受热分解，放出磷、硫的氧化物等毒性气体。 燃烧(分解)产物：一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氧化磷、氧化硫。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cb>3.现场应急监测方法: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cp>直接进水样气相色谱法\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cb>4.实验室监测方法: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cp>气相色谱法(GB13192-91，水质)气相色谱法(GB\u002FT5009.20-1996，粮食、蔬菜、油)酶-氯化铁比色法《空气中有害物质的测定方法》杭世平主编\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cb>5.环境标准: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>中国(TJ36-79)\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>车间空气中有害物质最高容许浓度\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>2mg\u002Fm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Csup>中国(GB11607-89)\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Csup>渔业水质标准\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Csup>0.005mg\u002FL\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Csup>中国(GB3097-1997)\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Csup>海水水质标准\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Csup>0.0005～0.001mg\u002FL\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Csup>中国(GHZB1-1999)\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Csup>地表水环境质量标准(I、II、III类水域)\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Csup>0.005mg\u002FL\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Csup>中国(待颁布)\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Csup>饮用水源水中有害物质的最高容许浓度\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Csup>0.25mg\u002FL\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Csup>中国(GB8978-1996)\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Csup>污水综合排放标准\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Csup>一级：不得检出\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Csup>二级：5.0mg\u002FL\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Csup>三级：10mg\u002FL\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>联合国规划署(1974)\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>保护水生生物淡水中农药的最大允许浓度\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>0.008μg\u002FL \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Csup>中国(GB5127-85)\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Csup>食品中有机磷农药的允许标准\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Csup>3mg\u002Fkg(粮食)\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cb>6.应急处理处置方法: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cp>存放处要干燥、阴暗、密闭保管温度为1～30℃为宜。不能与酸、碱农药混合使用，不宜用金属器具盛装，以免分解、失效。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>阿托品、解磷毒是马拉硫磷的急救药剂。误服本品按下述办法处置：1、请医生诊视；2、皮下注射1～2mg阿托品；3、充分洗胃；4、上部呼吸道受到刺激时可饮小量热牛奶及苏打；5、眼睛受到沾染时立即用洁净开水充分洗眼；6、皮肤发炎时可用功0%苏条水湿绷带包敷。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>消防：可用水、砂土与泡沫灭火器进行灭火，灭火时应注意防止人身中毒。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>泄漏应急处理：迅速撤离泄漏污染区人员至安全区，并进行隔离、严格限制出入。切断火源。建议应急人员穿防毒服等。小量泄漏：用砂土或其它不燃材料吸附或吸收。也可用大量水冲洗，洗水稀释后放入废水系统。大量泄漏构筑围堤或挖坑收容。用泡沫覆盖，降低蒸气灾害。用泵转移至槽车或专用收集器内，回收或运至废物处理场所处置。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003C\u002Ftd>","2026-08-21T07:51:12.859463Z",false,[400,406,412,418,424,430],{"slug":401,"cid":402,"name":403,"nameZh":404,"cas":405},"785897801883062272","J-47964-0","Fluorescein","荧光素","2321-07-5",{"slug":407,"cid":408,"name":409,"nameZh":410,"cas":411},"785872688496250880","J-1992713-2","Acediasulfone sodium","醋地砜钠","127-60-6",{"slug":413,"cid":414,"name":415,"nameZh":416,"cas":417},"785893706199732224","J-1114778-9","Methyl 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