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(欧洲)","R21;R23\u002F25;R36\u002F37;R40",{"key":387,"value":388},"安全声明 (欧洲)","S26-S36\u002F37\u002F39-S45-S1\u002F2",{"key":390,"value":391},"危险品运输编码","UN 1199 6.1\u002FPG 2",{"key":393,"value":394},"WGK德国","2",{"key":396,"value":397},"RTECS号","LT7000000",{"key":399,"value":400},"包装等级","II",{"key":402,"value":403},"危险类别","6.1",{"key":348,"value":405},"2923900090","\u003Ctd>\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>糠醛毒理学数据:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>1、急性毒性：小鼠经口LC50：425 mg\u002Fkg；大鼠吸入LD50：601mg\u002Fm3，4小时；小鼠腹腔LC50：1490 mg\u002Fkg；狗经口LD50：2300mg\u002Fkg；豚鼠经口541.7mg\u002Fkg；\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>2.急性毒性\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>LD50：65mg\u002Fkg（大鼠经口）\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>LC50：175ppm（大鼠吸入，6h）\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>3.刺激性\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>家兔经皮：500mg（24h），中度刺激。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>家兔经眼：20mg（24h），重度刺激。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>4.亚急性与慢性毒性狗吸入507mg\u002Fm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>，每天6h，每周5d，共4周，产生肝脂肪变性。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>5.致突变性微生物致突变：鼠伤寒沙门菌8094μg\u002F皿。细胞遗传学分析：仓鼠卵巢2500μmol\u002FL。DNA抑制：人HeLa细胞3mmol\u002FL。姐妹染色单体交换：人淋巴细胞70μmol\u002FL。程序外DNA合成：人类肝脏2nmol\u002FL（24h）。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>6.致癌性 IARC致癌性评论：G3，对人及动物致癌性证据不足。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>糠醛生态学数据:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>1.生态毒性\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>LC50：24~32mg\u002FL（96h）（鱼）\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>IC50：2.7~31mg\u002FL（72h）（藻类）\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>2.生物降解性 MITI-I测试，初始浓度100ppm，污泥浓度30ppm，2周后降解93.5%。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>3.非生物降解性 暂无资料\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fen\u002Fcas\u002F98-01-1_584401.html#duXinDiv\">糠醛毒性英文版\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003C\u002Ftd>","\u003Cp>1.由富含戊聚糖的农产品废料，如玉米芯、棉籽壳、稻糠和甜菜渣等用稀酸水解、脱水并蒸馏而得。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>2.糠醛最初从砻糠中得到，农副产品中多含多缩戊糖经水解脱水即生成糠醛。许多农作物的茎，皮，仔壳都含有多缩戊糖，因此都能用作制造糠醛的原料。生产时，将玉米芯，棉子壳或甘蔗渣等原料用硫酸和水蒸气处理，然后经水蒸气蒸馏，分层，减压蒸馏，即可得纯度达99%的产品。糠醛的收离与原料，酸的种类和浓度及其他条件有关，通常与理论收率相差较大。工业上制造糠醛主要有两种方法。加压法适合大规模生产，将原料与稀硫酸在加压下蒸煮，用高压或过热蒸汽带出反应产物，经分馏后得糖醛成品；常压法是将原料与食盐等无机盐及及稀硫酸共煮并同时蒸出糠醛。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>3.将100kg玉米芯粉碎成0.5～1cm\u003Csup>2\u003C\u002Fsup>的小块，加入25kg 90%的硫酸和125kg食盐与水配成水解液，使水解液的体积为玉米芯的2.5倍。玉米芯与水解液搅匀后，加热至沸，即开始馏出糠醛的稀溶液，冷凝收集于分离器中。静置1～2h分出水相得粗糠醛。用水蒸气蒸馏法精制，得纯品。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>精制方法：糠醛放置时产生的酸性物质和树脂，可用水洗后减压蒸馏除去。也可用氯化钙、无水硫酸镁或无水硫酸钠干燥后再进行减压蒸馏。使用过的糠醛的回收方法是用水蒸气蒸馏后再分馏。其他的精制方法有在7%碳酸钠存在下蒸馏，馏出物加2%碳酸钠再蒸馏，最后在800Pa压力下减压分馏可得纯品。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Ctd>\n\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 国标编号: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 33581 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> ＣＡＳ: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 98-01-1 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 中文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 糠醛 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 英文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> Furfural；2-furaldehyde \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 别 名: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 呋喃甲醛 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 分子式: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> C\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>H\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>；C\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>H\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>OCHO \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 分子量: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 96.09 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 熔 点: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> -36.5℃ 沸点：161.1? \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 密 度: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 相对密度(水=1)1.16； \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 蒸汽压: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 0.33kPa\u002F25℃ 闪点：60℃ \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 溶解性: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 微溶于冷水，溶于热水、乙醇、乙醚、苯 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 稳定性: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 稳定 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 外观与性状: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 无色至黄色液体，有杏仁样的气味 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 危险标记: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 7(易燃液体) \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 用 途: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 用作溶剂，以及作为合成香料、糠醇、四氢呋喃的中间体 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb> 2.对环境的影响: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cp>一、健康危害\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>侵入途径：吸入、食入、经皮吸收。健康危害：蒸气有强烈的刺激性，并有麻醉作用。动物吸入、摄入或经皮肤吸收均可引起急性中毒，表现有呼吸道刺激、肺水肿、肝损害、中枢神经系统损害、呼吸中枢麻痹，以致死亡。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>二、毒理学资料及环境行为\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>毒性：属中等毒类。 急性毒性：LD5065mg\u002Fkg(大鼠经口)；LC50153ppm 4小时(大鼠吸入)；人经口500mg\u002Fkg最小致死剂量。 亚急性和慢性毒性：狗吸入507mg\u002Fm3，6小时\u002F天，5天\u002F周，肝脂肪变性；人吸入7.4～52.7mg\u002Fm3×3个月，发生粘膜刺激、结膜炎、流泪、头痛。 致突变性：微粒体致突变：鼠伤寒沙门氏菌7ul\u002F皿。细胞遗传学分析：仓鼠卵巢2500umol\u002FL。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>危险特性：遇明火、高热或与氧化剂接触，有引起燃烧爆炸的危险。受高热分解放出有毒的气体。若遇高热，容器内压增大，有开裂和爆炸的危险。燃烧(分解)产物：一氧化碳、二氧化碳。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cb>3.现场应急监测方法: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\n\u003Cb>4.实验室监测方法: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cp>空气中糖醛含量的测定：样品用活性炭或氧化铝吸附，再用气相色谱分析苯胺比色法《空气中有害物质的测定方法》(第二版)，杭士平主编 盐酸苯胺比色法；气相色谱法《食品卫生理化检验标准手册》中国标准出版社\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cb>5.环境标准: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>中国(TJ36-79)\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>10mg\u002Fm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup> \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>前苏联(1975)\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>居民区大气中最大允许浓度\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>0.05mg\u002Fm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>(最大值；日均值) \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>前苏联(1975)\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>水体中有害物质最高允许浓度\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>1.0mg\u002FL\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>　\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>嗅觉阈浓度\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>1mg\u002Fm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\n\u003Cb>6.应急处理处置方法: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cp>一、泄漏应急处理\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>迅速撤离泄漏污染区人员至安全区，并进行隔离，严格限制出入。切断火源。建议应急处理人员戴自给正压式呼吸器，穿消防防护服。尽可能切断泄漏源，防止进入下水道、排洪沟等限制性空间。小量泄漏：用砂士干燥石灰或苏打灰混合。也可以用大量水冲洗，洗水稀释后放入废水系统。大量泄漏：构筑围堤或挖坑收容；喷雾状水冷却和稀释蒸气、保护现场人员、把泄漏物稀释成不燃物。用防爆泵转移至槽车或专用收集器内，回收或运至废物处理场所处置。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>二、防护措施\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>呼吸系统防护：可能接触其蒸气时，应该佩戴过滤式防毒面具(半面罩)。眼睛防护：戴化学安全防护眼镜。身体防护：穿防静电工作服。手防护：戴防苯耐油手套。其它：工作现场严禁吸烟、进食和饮水。工作毕，沐浴更衣。保持良好的卫生习惯。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>三、急救措施\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>皮肤接触：脱去被污染的衣着，用肥皂水和清水彻底冲洗皮肤。就医。眼睛接触：立即提起眼睑，用大量流动清水或生理盐水彻底冲洗至少15分钟。就医。吸入：迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。如呼吸困难，给输氧。如呼吸停止，立即进行人工呼吸。就医。食入：饮足量温水，催吐，就医。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>灭火方法：灭火剂：雾状水、泡沫、二氧化碳、干粉、砂土。用水灭火无效，但可用水保持火场中容器冷却。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003C\u002Ftd>","2026-08-21T07:51:12.859463Z",false,[412,418,424,430,436,442,448,454,460,466,472,478],{"slug":413,"cid":414,"name":415,"nameZh":416,"cas":417},"785889175210561536","J-1359506-7","3-Cyano-1,2,4-triazole","3-氰基-1,2,4-三氮唑","3641-10-9",{"slug":419,"cid":420,"name":421,"nameZh":422,"cas":423},"785896771267072000","J-45310-1","Homopiperazine","高哌嗪","505-66-8",{"slug":425,"cid":426,"name":427,"nameZh":428,"cas":429},"785896527498317824","J-1515966-7","4-Aminotetrahydropyran","4-氨基四氢吡喃","38041-19-9",{"slug":431,"cid":432,"name":433,"nameZh":434,"cas":435},"785889928406896640","J-29042-6","DL-Glyceraldehyde","DL-甘油醛","56-82-6",{"slug":437,"cid":438,"name":439,"nameZh":440,"cas":441},"785882711985229824","J-5462-6","Biuret","缩二脲","108-19-0",{"slug":443,"cid":444,"name":445,"nameZh":446,"cas":447},"785882425296162816","J-3731-0","Zirconium(IV) 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