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暂无资料\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>3.亚急性与慢性毒性 家兔吸入1.28g\u002Fm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>,5个月，引起慢性中毒；0.5~0.6g\u002Fm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>,6.5个月，引起血清胆固醇增加。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>4.致突变性 微生物致突变：鼠伤寒沙门菌100μg\u002F皿。姐妹染色单体交换：人类淋巴细胞10200μg\u002FL\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>5.致畸性 大鼠孕后1~22d吸入最低中毒剂量（TCLo）10mg\u002Fm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>（8h），致眼、耳发育畸形。大鼠孕后1~21d吸入最低中毒剂量（TCLo）100mg\u002Fm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>（8h），致颅面部（包括鼻和舌部）发育畸形。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>6.其他 男性吸入最低中毒浓度（TCLo）：40mg\u002Fm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>（91周），引起精子生成变化。大鼠吸入最低中毒浓度（TCLo）：100mg\u002Fm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>（8h）（孕1~21d用药），引起胎死，颅面部发育异常。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>二硫化碳生态学数据:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>1.生态毒性 LC50：162~135mg\u002FL（24~96h）（食蚊鱼）\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>2.生物降解性 暂无资料\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>3.非生物降解性 空气中，当羟基自由基浓度为5.00×10\u003Csup>5\u003C\u002Fsup>个\u002Fcm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>时，降解半衰期为5.5d（理论）。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>4.生物富集性 BCF：＜6.1(鲤鱼，接触浓度50μg\u002FL) ＜60（鲤鱼，接触浓度5μg\u002FL）\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fen\u002Fcas\u002F75-15-0_336228.html#duXinDiv\">二硫化碳毒性英文版\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003C\u002Ftd>","\u003Cp>1.甲烷硫黄法:固体硫黄加热熔融成液状，然后用活性白土净化。天然气净化处理是利用轻柴油吸附C２以上馏分，分离出纯净的甲烷气体。天然气及硫黄蒸气经加热后，即可充分混合并加热至650℃，然后送入反应器进行反应。采用加压分凝法，使二硫化碳与硫化氢分离，精馏后制得二硫化碳。其反应式如下：\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>2.木炭硫黄法:根据不同的加热方式，可分为外热式铁甑法和内热式电炉法两类。一般采用三相电炉法。电炉法将木炭于800 ℃直接焙烧除去水分和有机物后间断加入电炉，熔融硫黄连续加入电炉内与灼红木炭在1000℃左右进行反应，生成的二硫化碳经除硫、冷凝得到粗制品，再经精馏、冷凝，制得二硫化碳成品。其反应式如下：\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>3.市售的二硫化碳是将木炭和硫磺加热至850～950℃的条件下合成的。作为试剂，它可以满足一般要求，但当要求的纯度高时，则需用下述方法除去其中所含的杂质。这些杂质为硫化氢、亚硫酸、硫酸、有机硫化物、水和硫等。将100～200g的汞和适量的五氧化二磷加入到500mL市售的二硫化碳中，振荡1h左右，过滤，将滤液避光分馏，弃去高馏分和低馏分，收集中间馏分。将收集到的分馏物重新与汞和五氧化二磷混合、振荡，并分馏。如此反复操作直到有害杂质的含量达标为止。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>精制方法：所含杂质有硫、硫化物和水等。精制方法有下列几种：① 用玻璃制的蒸馏器蒸馏3次。② 用氯化钙干燥后多次分馏。③ 与水银一起摇动除去硫化物，再用五氧化二磷干燥、分馏。④ 在1L二硫化碳中加入5g粉碎的高锰酸钾充分摇动，至完全除去硫化氢后放置，分离后再加少量水银摇动以除去硫，至界面处不进一步变黑为止。最后每1L二硫化碳中加入5g硫酸汞摇动，以消除臭味。分离后用氯化钙干燥、分馏。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>4.以工业品二硫化碳为原料，加入无水硫酸铜（每犔二硫化碳需加25～37.5g硫酸铜），充分搅拌至黑色粉末消失，且无难闻气味为止，立即过滤，除去不溶性杂质，然后在滤液中加入无水硫酸铜，馏，按产品规格收集馏分，即为纯品。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Ctd>\n\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 国标编号: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 31050 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> ＣＡＳ: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 75-15-0 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 中文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 二硫化碳 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 英文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> carbon disulfide \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 别 名: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 分子式: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> CS2 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 分子量: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 76.14 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 熔 点: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> -110.8℃ \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 密 度: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 相对密度(水=1)1.26； \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 蒸汽压: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> -30℃ \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 溶解性: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 不溶于水，溶于乙醇、乙醚等多数有机溶剂 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 稳定性: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 稳定 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 外观与性状: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 无色或淡黄色透明液体，有刺激性气味，易挥发 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 危险标记: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 7(低闪点易燃液体) \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 用 途: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 用于制造人造丝，杀虫剂，促进剂M、D，也用作溶剂 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb> 2.对环境的影响: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cp>一、健康危害\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>侵入途径：吸入、食入、经皮吸收。 健康危害：二硫化碳是损害神经和血管的毒物。是一种气体麻醉剂。生产中以呼吸道吸入为主。经皮肤也能吸收。 急性中毒：轻度中毒有头晕、头痛、眼及鼻粘膜刺激症状；中度中毒尚有酒醉表现；重度中毒可呈短时间的兴奋状态，继之出现谵妄、昏迷、意识丧失，伴有强直性及阵挛性抽搐。可因呼吸中枢麻痹而死亡。严重中毒后可遗留神衰综合征，中枢和周围神经永久性损害。 慢性中毒：表现有神经衰弱综合征，植物神经功能紊乱，多发性周围神经病，中毒性脑病。眼底检查：视网膜微动脉瘤，动脉硬化，视神经萎缩。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>二、毒理学资料及环境行为\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>急性毒性：LD503188mg\u002Fkg(大鼠经口)亚急性和慢性毒性：家兔吸入1.28g\u002Fm3，5个月，引起慢性中毒；0.5-0.6g\u002Fm3，6.5个月，引起血清胆固醇增加。致突变性：微生物致突变：鼠伤寒沙门氏菌100µg\u002F皿。姊妹染色单体交换：人类淋巴细胞10200µg\u002FL。生殖毒性：男性吸入最低中毒浓度(TCL0)：40mg\u002Fm3(91周)，引起精子生成变化。大鼠吸入最低中毒浓度(TCL0)：100mg\u002Fm3，8小时(孕1-21天用药)，引起死胎，颅面部发育异常。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>污染来源：二硫化碳主要作为磺化剂用于制造粘胶纤维和玻璃纸，也用于硫化橡胶的轧制，以及制造橡胶加速剂、四氯化碳、黄原酸盐等，作为油脂、蜡、漆、树脂、樟脑、橡胶等溶剂，羊毛的去脂剂，衣服去渍剂等。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>由于本品具有不溶水易溶于脂肪的特性，故其对血的亲和性显著地高于水；对组织的亲和性又高于血。吸入的二硫化碳首先使血饱和，这时只有一小部分进入组织。约2小时血中达到完全饱和。此后体内的二硫化碳进入组织，最后使组织饱和，组织中饱和度与接触时间成正比，随着时间增加，在各组织中分布趋于均衡。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>水中浓度为0.0026mg\u002FL时，有微臭。代谢和降解：在人体内，二硫化碳在碱性条件下与血中的甘氨酸结合而生成具有以游离-SH基为特征的甘氨酸硫代氨基甲酸酯，与苯丙氨酸，甲基甘氨酸和天门冬氨酸也发生同样的反应。经气相色谱和光电比色的研究证实，二硫化碳与人体内带有一对自由电子的基团(如氨基、巯基)有较大的亲和力，能与其开成二硫代碳酸和噻唑烷酮，即二硫化碳分别与氨基酸和膘的反应产物。二硫化碳可以在肝微粒体内脱硫徨成硫化碳(Carbonyl Salfide)，并进一步氧化生成二氧化碳。二硫化碳生物转 化的其它最终产物是各种硫酸盐，主要是无机硫酸盐，而二价硫则是其中的一小部分。残留与蓄积：吸入是人体吸收二硫化碳的主要途径，吸入气与呼出气中二硫化碳含量约在1至2小时内达到平衡，此时约有40%-50%在体内存留。皮肤吸收比呼吸途径的重要性小，其它途径则更不重要。二硫化碳随血流分布于体内，在血中，红细胞和血浆的摄取比例为2:1。它易溶于脂肪和脂质中，并与氨基碳和蛋白质相结合，因此它易从血液体中消失，而对各种组织和器字具有很大的亲和力。由于二硫化碳的快速消失，它在人体内的分布形式尚未完全清楚。所吸收的二硫化碳有10%-30%被呼出，小于1%从尿中排出，其余的70%-90%二硫化碳进行生物转化后，以代谢产物形式从尿中排出。所以二硫化碳在人体内的残留时间不长。迁移转化：二硫化碳在工业上最重要的用途是制造粘胶纤维，二硫化碳的释放量取决于生产过程，生产1kg粘胶释放0.02-0.03kg二硫化碳。在生产粘胶短纤维和粘胶薄膜中，每台机器每小时生产70-100kg和1800-2000kg，释放二硫化碳量分别是1.0-1.5kg和38-42kg。二硫化碳主要通过大气扩散时进入空间，也有部分随工业废水排入水体中，部分被动植物吸收。危险特性：极易燃，其蒸气能与空气形成范围广阔的爆炸性混合物。接触热、火星、火焰或氧化剂易燃烧爆炸。受热分解产生有毒的硫化物烟气。与铝、锌、钾、氟、氯、迭氮化物等反应剧烈，有燃烧爆炸危险。高速冲击、流动、激荡后可因产生静电火花放电引起燃烧爆炸。其蒸气比空气重，能在较低处扩散到相当远的地方，遇明火会引着回燃。燃烧(分解)产物：一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氧化硫。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cb>3.现场应急监测方法: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cp>直接进水样气相色谱法；气体检测管法常用快速化学分析方法：醋酸铜指示剂法《突发性环境污染事故应急监测与处理处置技术》万本太主编气体速测管（北京劳保所产品、德国德尔格公司产品）\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cb>4.实验室监测方法: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>监测方法\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>来源\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>类别\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>二乙胺分光光度法\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>GB\u002FT14680-93\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>空气\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>二乙胺醋酸铜分光光度法\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>GB\u002FT15504-95\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>水质\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>色谱\u002F质谱法\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>《固体废弃物试验分析评价手册》中国环境监测总站等译\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>固体废弃物\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>气相色谱法\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>《农药残留量气相色谱法》国家商检局编\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>粮食\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\n\u003Cb>5.环境标准: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>中国(TJ36-79)\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>10mg\u002Fm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>[皮]\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>中国(TJ36-79)\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>居住区大气中有害物质的最高容许浓度\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>0.04mg\u002Fm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>(一次值)\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>中国(GB14554-93)\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>恶臭污染物厂界标准\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>一级2.0mg\u002Fm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Cbr \u002F>二级3.0～5.0mg\u002Fm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Cbr \u002F>三级8.0～10mg\u002Fm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>中国(GB14554-93)\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>恶臭污染物排放标准\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>1.5～97kg\u002Fh\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>中国(待颁布)\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>饮用水源中有害物质的最高容许浓度\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>2.0mg\u002FL\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>前苏联(1978)\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>渔业水中最高容许浓度\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>1.0mg\u002FL\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>　\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>空气中嗅觉阈浓度\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>0.017～0.88 ppm\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\n\u003Cb>6.应急处理处置方法: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cp>一、泄漏应急处理\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>迅速撤离泄漏污染区人员至安全区，并进行隔离，严格限制出入。切断火源。建议应急处理人员戴自给正压式呼吸器，穿消防防护服。不要直接接触泄漏物。尽可能切断泄漏源。防止进入下水道、排洪沟等限制性空间。小量泄漏：用砂土、蛭石灰或其它惰性材料吸收。大量泄漏：构筑围堤或挖坑收容；喷雾状水冷却和稀释蒸气、保护现场人员、把泄漏物稀释成不燃物。用防爆泵转移至槽车或专用收集器内，回收或运至废物处理场所处置。 废弃物处置方法：废料在安全距离外燃烧。若排出的废料量大，应考虑蒸馏回收。(所有装二硫化碳废米的设备及接触面应接地，以防静电着火。)\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>二、防护措施\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>呼吸系统防护：或能接触其蒸气时，必须佩戴自吸过滤式防毒面具(半面罩)。 眼睛防护：戴化学安全防护眼镜。 身体防护：穿防静电工作服。 手防护：戴乳胶手套。 其它：工作现场严禁吸烟。工作毕，淋浴更衣。注意个人清洁卫生。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>三、急救措施\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>皮肤接触：立即脱去被污染的衣着，用大量流动清水冲洗，至少15分钟。就医。 眼睛接触：提起眼睑，用流动清水或生理盐水冲洗。就医。 吸入：迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。如呼吸困难，给输氧。如呼吸停止，立即进行人工呼吸。就医。 食入：饮足量温水，催吐，就医。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>灭火方法：喷水冷却容器，可能的话将容器从火场移至空旷处。处在火场中的容器若已变色或从安全泄压装置中产生声音，必须马上撤离。灭火剂：泡沫、干粉、二氧化碳、砂土。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003C\u002Ftd>","2026-08-21T07:51:12.859463Z",false,[364,370,376,382,388,394],{"slug":365,"cid":366,"name":367,"nameZh":368,"cas":369},"785894086518247424","J-1500540-5","Glycidol","缩水甘油","556-52-5",{"slug":371,"cid":372,"name":373,"nameZh":374,"cas":375},"785880489461288960","J-1013886-7","1-Methylpyrrole","N-甲基吡咯","96-54-8",{"slug":377,"cid":378,"name":379,"nameZh":380,"cas":381},"785891473852731392","J-1367547-3","3-Methyl-1H-pyrrole","3-甲基吡咯","616-43-3",{"slug":383,"cid":384,"name":385,"nameZh":386,"cas":387},"785896576156438528","J-44489-9","Sodium cyanoborohydride","氰基硼氢钠","25895-60-7",{"slug":389,"cid":390,"name":391,"nameZh":392,"cas":393},"785889928406896640","J-29042-7","DL-Glyceraldehyde","DL-甘油醛","56-82-6",{"slug":395,"cid":396,"name":397,"nameZh":398,"cas":399},"785893603732885504","J-35687-9","Urea","尿素","57-13-6",1792585143124,"zh-CN",[]]