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\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 用 途: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 供制造化学用具、电力用具、建筑材料和其他工业装置及用具 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>0.005\n\u003Cbr \u002F>I类\n\u003Cbr \u002F>0.05\n\u003Cbr \u002F>II类\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cb>2.对环境的影响:\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cp>一、健康危害\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>侵入途径：吸入、食入。健康危害：动物吸入铜的粉尘和烟雾，可引起呼吸道刺激症状，发生支气管炎或支气管肺炎，甚至肺水肿。长期接触铜尘的工人常发生接触性皮炎和鼻眼的刺激症状，引起烟痛、鼻塞、鼻炎、咳嗽等症状。铜熔炼工人可发生铜铸造热。长期吸入尚可引起肺部纤维组织增生。铜的毒性较小，但铜过剩出可引起中毒。铜盐的毒性以CuAc2和CuSO4较大，经口服即使微量也会引起急性中毒，发生流涎、恶心、呕吐、阵发性腹痛，严重者可有头痛、心跳迟缓、呼吸困难甚至虚脱，也可引起中枢神经系统的损害。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>二、毒理学资料及环境行为\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>急性毒性：属微毒类。铜的污染来源为冶金、电镀、催化、仪表、合金和化工等的废水和废渣。自然界的铜化合物以一价或二价状态存在。一价铜多存在于矿物中，有氧化亚铜形式和硫化亚铜形式。环境中的铜主要以二价铜离子存在，二价铜可和无机配位体NH3、CO32-、HCO3-、SO42-形成络合物。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>迁移转化：利用含铜废水灌溉农田或施用含铜污泥，铜可积蓄在土壤中。随水进入到土壤中的铜可被土壤吸持。土壤中的腐殖酸、富里酸含 有羧基、酚基、羰基等含氧基团，能与铜形成螯合物而固定铜。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>危险特性：其粉体遇高温、明火能燃烧。 燃烧(分解)产物：氧化铜。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cb>3.现场应急监测方法:\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cp>试纸法；速测管法；化学测试组法《突发性环境污染事故应急监测与处理处置技术》万本太主编便携式比色计（意大利哈纳公司产品）\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cb>4.实验室监测方法:\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cp>原子吸收法(GB7475-87，水质)原子吸收法(GB\u002FT15555.2-95，固体废物浸出液)原子吸收法《空气和废气监测分析方法》国家环保局编\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cb>5.环境标准:\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>中国(GB5749-85)\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>生活饮用水水质标准\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>1.0mg\u002FL\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>中国(GB5048-92)\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>农田灌溉水持标准 旱作\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>1.0mg\u002FL(总铜)\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>中国(GB11607-89)\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>渔业水质标准\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>0.01mg\u002FL\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>中国(GB15618-1995)\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>土壤环境质量标准(mg\u002Fkg)\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>一级35；二级50～100；三级400(农田等)\u003Cbr \u002F>二级150～200；三级400(果园)\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>中国(4284-84)\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>农用污泥污染物控制标准\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>250mg\u002Fkg干污泥(酸性土壤)\u003Cbr \u002F>500mg\u002Fkg干污泥(中、碱性土壤)\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>中国(GB5058.3-1996)\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>固体废弃物浸出毒性鉴别标准值 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>50mg\u002FL\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\n\u003Cb>6.应急处理处置方法:\u003C\u002Fb>\n\n\u003Cp>一、泄漏应急处理\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>隔离泄漏污染区，周围设警告标志，切断火源。应急处理人员戴好防毒面具，穿一般消防防护服。避免扬尘，使用无火花工具收集于干燥净洁有盖的容器中，转移回收。当水体受到污染时，可采用加入纯碱中和，使铜以碱式碳酸铜形式沉淀而从水中转入污泥中，而污泥再做进一步的无害化处理。对于受铜污染的土壤，可采取排土、土层改良、深耕、施加石灰质矿物及磷酸钙等措施治理。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>二、防护措施\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>一般不需特殊防护，但需防止烟尘危害。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>三、急救措施\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>皮肤接触：脱去污染的衣着，用肥皂水及清水彻底冲洗。就医。眼睛接触：立即翻开上下眼睑，用流动清水或生理盐水冲洗至少15分钟。就医。吸入：迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。就医。食入：误服者立即漱口，饮牛奶或蛋清。就医。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>灭火方法：干粉、砂土。禁止用水。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Ftd>","2026-08-21T07:51:12.859463Z",false,[328,334,340,341,347,353,359,365,371,377,383,389],{"slug":329,"cid":330,"name":331,"nameZh":332,"cas":333},"785897328153202688","J-1328279-6","Magnesium 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