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暂无资料\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>3.亚急性与慢性毒性 狗吸入11700ppm，每天1.5h，共8天，可引起动物死亡，尸检可见肝、肾脂肪变性。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>4.致突变性 细胞遗传学分析：小鼠淋巴细胞2202mg\u002FL。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>5.致畸性 大鼠孕后6~15d吸入最低中毒剂量（TCLo）109g\u002Fm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>（17min），致肌肉骨骼系统发育畸形。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>6.其他 大鼠吸入最低中毒浓度（TCLo）：109g\u002Fkg（孕6~15d用药），致胚胎毒性，对肌肉骨骼系统有影响。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>甲基丙烯酸甲酯生态学数据:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>1.生态毒性\n TLm：499~159mg\u002FL（24~96h）（黑头呆鱼）；368~232mg\u002FL（24~96h）（蓝鳃太阳鱼）；423~277mg\u002FL（24~96h）（金鱼） \n\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>2.生物降解性 MITI-I测试，初始浓度100ppm，污泥浓度30ppm，2周后降解94%。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>3.非生物降解性 空气中，当羟基自由基浓度为5.00×10\u003Csup>5\u003C\u002Fsup>个\u002Fcm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>时，降解半衰期为7.4h（理论）。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>当pH值为7，8，9，11时，水解半衰期分别为4a，140d，14d，3.4h（理论）\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fen\u002Fcas\u002F80-62-6_32386.html#duXinDiv\">甲基丙烯酸甲酯毒性英文版\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003C\u002Ftd>","\u003Cp>1.丙酮氰醇法\u003Cbr \u002F>丙酮与氰化氢反应生成丙酮氰醇，丙酮氰醇与硫酸及甲醇反应，制得甲基丙烯酸甲酯，得到的粗酯经盐析、初馏、精馏得产品。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>2.丙烯法\u003Cbr \u002F>丙烯、一氧化碳与甲醇反应，合成中间体2-甲氧基-2-甲基丙酸甲酯，将它分解生成甲基丙烯酸甲酯和甲醇。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>3.异丁烯法\u003Cbr \u002F>将异丁烯用氧化剂在K\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>或MnO\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>催化剂存在下氧化成甲基丙烯酸或用空气在钼催化剂存在下分两段氧化，即先氧化成甲基丙烯醛，进一步氧化成甲基丙烯酸，它再与甲醇酯化制得甲基丙烯酸甲酯。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>4.丙炔羰基化法　壳牌公司近年开发了一种丙炔羰基化合成MMA的新工艺，并已实现了工业化。据称该法比目前正在生产的或者正在开发中的任工艺都简易，且成本低。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>5.乙烯法　该法是将乙烯羰基化或加氢甲酰化生成C3的羰基化合物，然后再与甲醛或与之相当的化合物缩合成甲基丙烯酸甲酯。该工艺的主要优点在于产生的氢氰酸副产物可作为制取ACH的原料循环，并且不产生硫酸铵产物。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>6.制法：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>于装有搅拌器、回流冷凝器、温度基、滴液漏斗的反应瓶中，加入磷酸三甲苯酚酯75g，五氧化二磷9g，铜粉0.2g。搅拌下油浴加热至65℃，慢慢滴加2-羟基异丁酸甲酯(2)25g（0.2mol），控制反应温度不超过65℃。加完后，升温至80～100℃，并保持此温度反应3h，改为蒸馏装置，蒸出170℃以下的馏分。馏出液用10%的碳酸钠溶液洗涤，无水磷酸钠干燥，加入少量铜粉\u003Csup>①\u003C\u002Fsup>重新蒸馏，收集97～100℃的馏分，得甲基丙烯酸甲酯\u003Csup>②\u003C\u002Fsup>（1）16～18g。收率76%～88%。注：1、加入铜粉的目的是放置甲基丙烯酸甲酯的聚合，也可加入少量的硫黄或二苯胺。2、也可由丙酮、氰化钠和甲醇为原料来合成甲基丙烯酸甲酯。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Ctd>\n\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 国标编号: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 32149 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> ＣＡＳ: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 80-62-6 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 中文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 甲基丙烯酸甲酯 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 英文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> Methyl methacrylate；Methacrylic acid，methyl ester \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 别 名: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 异丁烯酸甲酯；牙托水；有机玻璃单体 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 分子式: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> C\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>H\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>；CH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>C(CH\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>)COOCH\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub> \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 分子量: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 100.12 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 熔 点: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> -50℃ 沸点：101℃ \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 密 度: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 相对密度(水=1)；相对 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 蒸汽压: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 10℃ \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 溶解性: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 微溶于水，溶于乙醇等 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 稳定性: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 稳定 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 外观与性状: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 无色易挥发液体，并具有强辣味 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 危险标记: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 7(易燃液体) \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 用 途: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 用作有机玻璃的单体，也用于制造其它树脂、塑料、涂料、粘合剂、润滑剂 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb> 2.对环境的影响: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 一、健康危害 \n\u003Cbr \u002F> 侵入途径：吸入、食入。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>健康危害：人对本品气味感觉阈浓度为85mg\u002Fm\n\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup> ，刺激作用阈浓度(暴露1分钟)为285mg\u002Fm\n\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>。中毒表现为乏力、恶心、反复呕吐、头痛、头晕、胸闷、伴有短暂的意识消失、中性白细胞增多症。慢性中毒：神经系统受损的综合症状占主要地位，个别可发生中毒性脑病。可引起轻度皮炎和结膜炎。接触时间长可致麻醉作用。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F> 二、毒理学资料及环境行为 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>毒性：为麻醉剂，麻醉浓度和致死浓度几乎相同，有弱的刺激作用。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>急性毒性：LD\n\u003Csub>50\u003C\u002Fsub>7872mg\u002Fkg(大鼠经口)；LC\n\u003Csub>50\u003C\u002Fsub>3750ppm(大鼠吸入)；人吸入725ppm，最小致死浓度；人吸入62ppm×20～90分钟，粘膜刺激；人吸入12.5～25ppm×20～90分钟，头晕，恶心，意识障碍。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>亚急性和慢性毒性：狗吸入46800ppm×1.5小时\u002F日×8日，绝对致死浓度，肝、肾有损害。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>致突变性：微粒体致突变：鼠伤寒沙门氏菌34mmol\u002FL。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>生殖毒性：大鼠吸入最低中毒浓度(TCL\n\u003Csub>0\u003C\u002Fsub>)：109g\u002Fkg(孕6～15天用药)，致胚胎毒性，对肌肉骨骼系统有影响。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>危险特性：遇明火、高热或与氧化剂接触，有引起燃烧爆炸的危险。若遇高热，可能发生聚合反应，出现大量放热现象，引起容器破裂和爆炸事故。其蒸气比空气重，能在较低处扩散到相当远的地方，遇明火会引着回燃。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>燃烧(分解)产物：一氧化碳、二氧化碳。 \n\u003Ch3>3.现场应急监测方法:\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 　 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Ch3>4.实验室监测方法:\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 气相色谱法《空气中有害物质的测定方法》，杭士平主编\n\u003Cbr \u002F>羟胺-氯化铁比色法《空气中有害物质的测定方法》，杭士平主编 \n\u003Ch3>5.环境标准:\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>前苏联\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>10 mg\u002Fm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup> \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>前苏联(1975)\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>居民区大气中有害物最大允许浓度\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>0.1mg\u002Fm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>(最大值，昼夜均值)\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>前苏联(1975)\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>水体中有害有机物的最大允许浓度\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>0.01mg\u002FL\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>　\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>嗅觉阈浓度\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>0.21ppm\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Ch3>6.应急处理处置方法:\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 一、泄漏应急处理 \n\u003Cbr \u002F> 切断火源。戴自给式呼吸器，穿一般消防防护服。在确保安全情况下堵漏。喷水雾可减少蒸发。用砂土、蛭石或其它惰性材料吸收，然后运至空旷的地方掩埋、蒸发、或焚烧。或用不燃性分散剂制成的乳液刷洗，经稀释的洗液放入废水系统。如大量泄漏，利用围堤收容，然后收集、转移、回收或无害处理后废弃。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F> 二、防护措施 \n\u003Cbr \u002F> 呼吸系统防护：空气中浓度较高时，建议佩戴防毒面具。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>眼睛防护：戴化学安全防护眼镜。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>防护服：穿防静电工作服。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>手防护：必要时戴防护手套。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>其它：工作现场严禁吸烟。工作后，淋浴更衣。注意个人清洁卫生。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F> 三、急救措施 \n\u003Cbr \u002F> 皮肤接触：脱去污染的衣着，用肥皂水及清水彻底冲洗。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>眼睛接触：立即翻开上下眼睑，用流动清水冲洗15分钟。就医。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>吸入：脱离现场至空气新鲜处。呼吸困难时给输氧。呼吸停止时，立即进行人工呼吸。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>食入：误服者给饮足量温水，催吐，就医。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>灭火方法：雾状水、泡沫、二氧化碳、干粉、砂土。\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003C\u002Ftd>","2026-08-21T07:03:29.458908Z",false,[402,408,414,420,426,432],{"slug":403,"cid":404,"name":405,"nameZh":406,"cas":407},"785897981546074112","J-48641-3","Potassium hydrogen carbonate","碳酸氢钾","298-14-6",{"slug":409,"cid":410,"name":411,"nameZh":412,"cas":413},"785896150048706560","J-1319903-6","Calcium carbonate","碳酸钙","1317-65-3",{"slug":415,"cid":416,"name":417,"nameZh":418,"cas":419},"785896081312452608","J-1323774-7","Manganese(II) formate","甲酸锰","3251-96-5",{"slug":421,"cid":422,"name":423,"nameZh":424,"cas":425},"785875663553826816","J-10715-4","Dilithium oxalate","草酸锂","553-91-3",{"slug":427,"cid":428,"name":429,"nameZh":430,"cas":431},"785883118186795008","J-1354721-3","lithium difluoroacetate","二氟乙酸锂","74956-94-8",{"slug":433,"cid":434,"name":435,"nameZh":436,"cas":437},"785882997109821440","J-1967105-9","Lithium acetate dihydrate","二水醋酸锂","6108-17-4",1792634235060,"zh-CN",[]]