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油水（辛醇\u002F水）分配系数的对数值：未确定\n17. 爆炸上限（%,V\u002FV）：未确定\n18. 爆炸下限（%,V\u002FV）：未确定\n19. 溶解性：未确定",null,[],[222,225,228,231,234,237,240],{"key":223,"value":224},"描述","Trigonelline chloride 是一种大量存在于咖啡中并且具有潜在抗糖尿病活性的生物碱。",{"key":226,"value":227},"相关类别","信号通路\n>>\n其他\n>>\n其他\n天然产物\n>>\n生物碱\n研究领域\n>>\n代谢疾病",{"key":229,"value":230},"体外研究","发现氯化三氟苯胺(TG)显着地挽救了H9c2细胞的形态。用盐酸葫芦巴碱处理细胞减弱H2O2诱导的细胞死亡并改善抗氧化活性。此外,在H2O2诱导的H9c2细胞氧化应激过程中,Trigonelline chloride调节凋亡基因caspase-3,caspase-9和抗凋亡基因Bcl-2,Bcl-XL。显而易见,流式细胞仪结果也证实了氯化三叶草可显着降低H2O2诱导的H9c2细胞坏死和凋亡。然而,三氯化萘氯化物浓度对H2O2的进一步增加可以诱导H2O2的坏死和凋亡[1]。",{"key":232,"value":233},"体内研究","氯化葫芦巴碱降低骨矿化并且趋向于恶化链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病大鼠的骨机械性质。在烟酰胺\u002F链脲佐菌素处理的大鼠中,盐酸葫芦巴碱显着增加骨矿物质密度(BMD)并倾向于改善松质骨强度。 Trigonelline chloride对链脲佐菌素诱导的代谢紊乱大鼠的骨骼系统有不同的影响,强化链脲佐菌素处理大鼠的骨质疏松变化,并有利地影响非高血糖(烟酰胺\u002F链脲佐菌素处理)大鼠的骨骼[2]。",{"key":235,"value":236},"细胞实验","将H9c2细胞以1×10 5个细胞\u002F孔的密度接种在96孔中。用不同浓度的三叶草甙（TG）（25至150μM）和过氧化氢（25至125μM）处理细胞。将其在37℃，5％CO 2培养箱中孵育24小时和6小时，然后用水溶性四唑（WST）试剂处理培养物，孵育2小时至4小时。活细胞吸收WST，然后转化为橙色产品。然后，使用光谱计数ELISA读数器在450nm处测量颜色强度。对于心脏保护活性，将细胞接种并分成六组：对照，单独的H2O2，其余组最初暴露于不同浓度（25至125μM）的盐酸葫芦巴碱48小时。然后，加入100μMH2O2并孵育4小时，之后，读取450nm处的吸光度用于细胞活力测定[1]。",{"key":238,"value":239},"动物实验","在该研究中使用3个月大的雌性Wistar大鼠。将动物分成5组（n = 10）：对照大鼠，链脲佐菌素处理的对照大鼠，接受链脲佐菌素处理的大鼠（每天50mg \u002F kg口服），烟酰胺\u002F链脲佐菌素处理的对照大鼠和烟酰胺\u002F链脲佐菌素 - 接受处理的大鼠接受盐酸Trigonelline（每天50mg \u002F kg po）。在链脲佐菌素后两周开始施用盐酸葫芦巴碱并持续四周。每天一次通过胃管给予盐酸葫芦巴碱。所有对照大鼠以2mL \u002F kg po的相同体积接受自来水（载体）。施用四叶碱氯化物的四周时间足以证明三叶草氯化物和植物来源的其他化合物在大鼠中的骨骼效应。在最后的氯化噻吩氯化物或载体给药后，将大鼠禁食过夜。第二天，测量血糖水平，用氯胺酮和甲苯噻嗪麻醉大鼠，然后通过心脏放血处死[2]。",{"key":241,"value":242},"参考文献","[1].\nIlavenil S, et al. 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