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储存于阴凉、通风良好的专用库房内，远离火种、热源。库温不宜超过37℃，保持容器密封。应与氧化剂、酸类、碱金属等分开存放，切忌混储。采用防爆型照明、通风设施。禁止使用易产生火花的机械设备和工具。储区应备有泄漏应急处理设备和合适的收容材料。",{"label":235,"labelZh":235,"value":236},"稳定性","1.化学性质：具有饱和一元醇的通性，由于只有一个碳原子，因此有其特有的反应。例如：① 与氯化钙形成结晶状物质CaCl2·4CH3OH，与氧化钡形成BaO·2CH3OH的分子化合物并溶解于甲醇中；类似的化合物有MgCl2·6CH3OH、CuSO4·2CH3OH、CH3OK·CH3OH、AlCl3·4CH3OH、AlCl3·6CH3OH、AlCl3·10CH3OH等；② 与其他醇不同，由于-CH2OH基与氢结合，氧化时生成的甲酸进一步氧化为CO2；③ 甲醇与氯、溴不易发生反应，但易与其水溶液作用，最初生成二氯甲醚(CH2Cl)2O，因水的作用转变成HCHO与HCl；④ 与碱、石灰一起加热，产生氢气并生成甲酸钠；CH3OH+NaOH→HCOONa+2H2；⑤ 与锌粉一起蒸馏，发生分解，生成CO和H2O。\r\n\r\n2.甲醇为有毒化工产品，具有显著的麻醉作用，对于视神经危害最为严重。饮入5~10ml\u002Fkg甲醇可致严重中毒,10ml\u002Fkg以上有失明危险，饮入30ml\u002Fkg可以致死。甲醇可经消化道、呼吸道及皮肤渗透侵入人体导致中毒。吸入浓的甲醇蒸气时，除了特有的症状酩酊、头痛以外，常使视力模糊而眼痛。这些症状有的在数小时之后即能发生，重症时，呈现眩晕、呼吸困难、胃痛、疝痛、便秘，有时还会有出血，需要数日才恢复。在这期间也能引起疲劳、不适，重症时能出现发绀。不论急性、慢性都需要较长时间才能恢复。工作场所空气中甲醇蒸气最高容许浓度260mg\u002Fm3。防护方法在于生产设备密闭，严防入口、入眼或接触伤口。如有黏沾，迅速用水冲洗。急性中毒者迅速移到新鲜空气处。严重者送医院诊治。\r\n\r\n3.属中等毒类。主要作用于神经系统，具有麻醉作用。可被皮肤吸收、饮用或吸入蒸气而造成中毒，其特征是刺激视神经及网膜，导致眼睛失明。乙醇在体内能迅速分解排除，而甲醇排出缓慢，故有累积性。吸入甲醇蒸气会刺激眼、鼻和咽喉，引起眩晕、头痛、沉醉、流泪和视力模糊。重症时呈现麻醉、呼吸困难、恶心、呕吐、胃痛、疝痛、膀胱痛、便秘、有时还会出血。一般误饮5~10ml可致严重中毒，15ml可致失明，30ml左右可致死。兔经口致死量为10ml\u002Fkg。嗅觉阈浓度140mg\u002Fm3。TJ36-79规定车间空气中最高容许浓度为50mg\u002Fm3。\r\n\r\n4.稳定性 稳定\r\n\r\n5.禁配物 酸类、酸酐、强氧化剂、碱金属\r\n\r\n6.聚合危害 不聚合",{"label":238,"labelZh":238,"value":239},"水溶解性","miscible",{"label":241,"labelZh":242,"value":243},"Molecular Structure","分子结构","1、摩尔折射率：8.21\r\n2、摩尔体积（cm3\u002Fmol）：42.5\r\n3、等张比容（90.2K）：88.6\r\n4、表面张力（dyne\u002Fcm）：18.8\r\n5、极化率（10-24cm3）：3.25",{"label":245,"labelZh":246,"value":247},"Computational Chemistry","计算化学","1.疏水参数计算参考值（XlogP）:-0.5\r\n2.氢键供体数量:1\r\n3.氢键受体数量:1\r\n4.可旋转化学键数量:0\r\n5.互变异构体数量:无\r\n6.拓扑分子极性表面积20.2\r\n7.重原子数量:2\r\n8.表面电荷:0\r\n9.复杂度:2\r\n10.同位素原子数量:0\r\n11.确定原子立构中心数量:0\r\n12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0\r\n13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0\r\n14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0\r\n15.共价键单元数量:1",{"label":249,"labelZh":249,"value":250},"更多","1.性状：无色透明液体，有刺激性气味。\r\n2.熔点（℃）：-97.8\r\n3.沸点（℃）：64.7\r\n4.相对密度（水=1）：0.79\r\n5.相对蒸气密度（空气=1）：1.1\r\n6.饱和蒸气压（kPa）：12.3（20℃）\r\n7.燃烧热（kJ\u002Fmol）：-723\r\n8.临界温度（℃）：240\r\n9.临界压力（MPa）：7.95\r\n10.辛醇\u002F水分配系数：-0.82~-0.77\r\n11.闪点（℃）：12（CC）；12.2（OC）\r\n12.引燃温度（℃）：464\r\n13.爆炸上限（%）：36.5\r\n14.爆炸下限（%）：6\r\n15.溶解性：溶于水，可混溶与醇类、乙醚等多数有机溶剂。\r\n16.折射率（n20ºC）：1.3284\r\n17.黏度（mPa·s,15ºC）：0.6405\r\n18.黏度（mPa·s,20ºC）：0.5945\r\n19.黏度（mPa·s,25ºC）：0.5525\r\n20.黏度（mPa·s,30ºC）：0.5142\r\n21.闪点（ºC,开口）：11\r\n22.闪点（ºC,闭口）：12.0\r\n23.蒸发热（KJ\u002Fmol,b.p.）：35.32\r\n24.熔化热（KJ\u002Fkg）：98.81\r\n25.生成热（KJ\u002Fmol,气体）：-201.39\r\n26.生成热（KJ\u002Fmol,液体）：-238.82\r\n27.比热容（KJ\u002F(kg·K),20ºC,定压）：2.51\r\n28.沸点上升常数：0.785\r\n29.电导率（S\u002Fm,25ºC）：1.5×10-9\r\n30.热导率（W\u002F(m·K),30ºC）：21.3527\r\n31.体膨胀系数（K-1,20ºC）：0.00119\r\n32.体膨胀系数（K-1,55ºC）：0.00124\r\n33.相对密度（25℃，4℃）：1.7866\r\n34.相对密度（25℃，4℃）：1.3265\r\n35.临界密度（g·cm-3）：0.273\r\n36.临界体积（cm3·mol-1）：117\r\n37.临界压缩因子：0.223\r\n38.偏心因子：0.566\r\n39.Lennard-Jones参数（A）：3.8632\r\n40.Lennard-Jones参数（K）：419.86\r\n41.溶度参数(J·cm-3)0.5：29.532\r\n42.van der Waals面积（cm2·mol-1）：3.580×109\r\n43.van der Waals体积（cm3·mol-1）：21.710\r\n44.气相标准燃烧热(焓)(kJ·mol-1)：764.9\r\n45.气相标准声称热(焓)( kJ·mol-1) ：-201.5\r\n46.气相标准熵(J·mol-1·K-1) ：239.88\r\n47.气相标准生成自由能( kJ·mol-1)：-161.6\r\n48.气相标准热熔(J·mol-1·K-1)：44.06\r\n49.液相标准燃烧热(焓)(kJ·mol-1)：-726.9\r\n50.液相标准声称热(焓)( kJ·mol-1)：-239.1\r\n51.液相标准熵(J·mol-1·K-1) ：127.24\r\n52.液相标准生成自由能( kJ·mol-1)：-166.88\r\n53.液相标准热熔(J·mol-1·K-1)：81.4",{"pictogram":252,"signal":253,"hazards":254},"Flammable \u002F Acute Toxicity \u002F Health Hazard","Danger",[255,256,257,258,259],"H225 — Highly flammable liquid and vapour \u002F 高度易燃液体和蒸气","H301 — Toxic if swallowed \u002F 吞咽会中毒","H311 — Toxic in contact with skin \u002F 皮肤接触会中毒","H331 — Toxic if inhaled \u002F 吸入会中毒","H370 — Causes damage to organs \u002F 对器官造成损害",[],"\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong> 国标编号: \u003C\u002Fstrong> 32058 \u003Cstrong> ＣＡＳ: \u003C\u002Fstrong> 67-56-1 \u003Cstrong> 中文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong> 甲醇 \u003Cstrong> 英文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong> methyl alcohol；Methanol \u003Cstrong> 别 名: \u003C\u002Fstrong> 木酒精 \u003Cstrong> 分子式: \u003C\u002Fstrong> CH\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O；CH\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>OH \u003Cstrong> 分子量: \u003C\u002Fstrong> 32.04 \u003Cstrong> 熔 点: \u003C\u002Fstrong> -97.8℃ 沸点：64.8℃ \u003Cstrong> 密 度: \u003C\u002Fstrong> 相对密度(水=1)0.79； \u003Cstrong> 蒸汽压: \u003C\u002Fstrong> 11℃ \u003Cstrong> 溶解性: \u003C\u002Fstrong> 溶于水，可混溶于醇、醚等多数有机溶剂 \u003Cstrong> 稳定性: \u003C\u002Fstrong> 稳定 \u003Cstrong> 外观与性状: \u003C\u002Fstrong> 无色澄清液体，有刺激性气味 \u003Cstrong> 危险标记: \u003C\u002Fstrong> 7(易燃液体) \u003Cstrong> 用 途: \u003C\u002Fstrong> 主要用于制甲醛、香精、染料、医药、火药、防冻剂等 \u003Cbr\u002F>\u003Cstrong> 2.对环境的影响: \u003C\u002Fstrong>一、健康危害\u003Cbr\u002F>侵入途径：吸入、食入、经皮吸收。健康危害：对中枢神经系统有麻醉作用；对视神经和视网膜有特殊选择作用，引起病变；可致代谢性酸中毒。急性中毒：短时大量吸入出现轻度眼及上呼吸道刺激症状(口服有胃肠道刺激症状)；经一段时间潜伏期后出现头痛、头晕、乏力、眩晕、酒醉感、意识朦胧、谵妄，甚至昏迷。视神经及视网膜病变，可有视物模糊、复视等，重者失明。代谢性酸中毒时出现二氧化碳结合力下降、呼吸加速等。慢性影响：神经衰弱综合征，植物神经功能失调，粘膜刺激，视力减退等。皮肤出现脱脂、皮炎等。\u003Cbr\u002F>二、毒理学资料及环境行为\u003Cbr\u002F>毒性：属中等毒类。急性毒性：LD505628mg/kg(大鼠经口)；15800mg/kg(兔经皮)；LC5082776mg/kg，4小时(大鼠吸入)；人经口5～10ml，潜伏期8～36小时，致昏迷；人经口15ml，48小时内产生视网膜炎，失明；人经口30～100ml中枢神经系统严重损害，呼吸衰弱，死亡。亚急性和慢性毒性：大鼠吸入50mg/m3，12小时/天，3个月，在8～10周内可见到气管、支气管粘膜损害，大脑皮质细胞营养障碍等。致突变性：微生物致突变：啤酒酵母菌12pph。DNA抑制：人类淋巴细胞300mmol/L。生殖毒性：大鼠经口最低中毒浓度(TDL0)：7500mg/kg(孕7～19天)，对新生鼠行为有影响。大鼠吸入最低中毒浓度(TCL0)：20000ppm(7小时)，(孕1～22天)，引起肌肉骨骼、心血管系统和泌尿系统发育异常。\u003Cbr\u002F>危险特性：易燃，其蒸气与空气可形成爆炸性混合物。遇明火、高热能引起燃烧爆炸。与氧化剂接触发生化学反应或引起燃烧。在火场中，受热的容器有爆炸危险。其蒸气比空气重，能在较低处扩散到相当远的地方，遇明火会引着回燃。 燃烧(分解)产物：一氧化碳、二氧化碳。\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003Cstrong>3.现场应急监测方法: \u003C\u002Fstrong>气体检测管法； 便携式气相色谱法；直接进水样气相色谱法气体速测管（北京劳保所产品）\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003Cstrong>4.实验室监测方法: \u003C\u002Fstrong>监测方法来源类别溶剂解吸气相色谱法WS/T143-1999作业场所空气气相色谱法HJ/T33-1999固定污染源排气变色酸比色法；\u003Cbr\u002F>气相色谱法《空气中有害物质的测定方法》(第二版)，杭士平编空气气相色谱法《水质分析大全》张宏陶主编水质品红亚硫酸法《化工企业空气中有害物质测定方法》，化学工业出版社化工企业空气\u003Cstrong>5.环境标准: \u003C\u002Fstrong>中国(TJ36-79)车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度50mg/m\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>中国(TJ36-79)居住区大气中有害物质的最高容许浓度3.00mg/m\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>(一次值)\u003Cbr\u002F>1.00mg/m\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>(日均值)中国(GB16297-1996)大气污染物综合排放标准①最高允许排放浓度(mg/m\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>)：\u003Cbr\u002F>190(表2)；220(表1)\u003Cbr\u002F>②最高允许排放速率(kg/h)：\u003Cbr\u002F>二级5.1～100(表2)；6.1～130(表1)\u003Cbr\u002F>三级7.8～170(表2)；9.2～200(表1)\u003Cbr\u002F>③无组织排放监控浓度限值：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cblockquote>12mg/m\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>(表2)；15mg/m\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>(表1)前苏联(1978)地面水中有害物质最高允许浓度3.0mg/L前苏联(1978)渔业用水中最高允许浓度0.1mg/L前苏联污水中有害物质最高允许浓度20mg/L　嗅觉阈浓度140mg/m\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003C\u002Fblockquote>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003Cstrong>6.应急处理处置方法: \u003C\u002Fstrong>一、泄漏应急处理\u003Cbr\u002F>迅速撤离泄漏污染区人员至安全区，并进行隔离，严格限制出入。切断火源。建议应急处理人员戴自给正压式呼吸器，穿防毒服。不要直接接触泄漏物。尽可能切断泄漏源，防止进入下水道、排洪沟等限制性空间。小量泄漏：用砂土或其它不燃材料吸附或吸收。也可以用大量水冲洗，洗液稀释后放入废水系统。大量泄漏：构筑围堤或挖坑收容；用泡沫覆盖，降低蒸气灾害。用防爆泵转移至槽车或专用收集器内。回收或运至废物处理场所处置。\u003Cbr\u002F>二、防护措施\u003Cbr\u002F>呼吸系统防护：可能接触其蒸气时，应该佩戴过滤式防毒面罩(半面罩)。紧急事态抢救或撤离时，建议佩戴空气呼吸器。 眼睛防护：戴化学安全防护眼镜。 身体防护：穿防静电工作服。 手防护：戴橡胶手套。 其它：工作现场禁止吸烟、进食和饮水。工作毕，淋浴更衣。实行就业前和定期的体检。\u003Cbr\u002F>三、急救措施\u003Cbr\u002F>皮肤接触：脱去被污染的衣着，用肥皂水和清水彻底冲洗皮肤。 眼睛接触：提起眼睑，用流动清水或生理盐水冲洗。就医。吸入：迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。如呼吸困难，给输氧。如呼吸停止，立即进行人工呼吸。就医。 食入：饮足量温水，催吐，用清水或1%硫代硫酸钠溶液洗胃。就医。\u003Cbr\u002F>灭火方法：尽可能将容器从火场移至空旷处。喷水保持火场容器冷却，直至灭火结束。处在火场中的容器若已变色或从安全泄压装置中产生声音，必须马上撤离。灭火剂：抗溶性泡沫、干粉、二氧化碳、砂土。\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>",[263,269,275,281,287,293],{"slug":264,"cid":265,"name":266,"nameZh":267,"cas":268},"785897659536773120","J-47589-3","1,3-Propanediol","1,3-丙二醇","504-63-2",{"slug":270,"cid":271,"name":272,"nameZh":273,"cas":274},"785875684076556288","J-1971914-2","Oxetan-3-ylmethanol","氧杂环丁烷-3-甲醇","6246-06-6",{"slug":276,"cid":277,"name":278,"nameZh":279,"cas":280},"785873164981768192","J-1014076-9","lithium pyruvate","丙酮酸锂","2922-61-4",{"slug":282,"cid":283,"name":284,"nameZh":285,"cas":286},"785889753466671104","J-1015079-3","Ethanolamine hydrochloride","乙醇胺盐酸盐","2002-24-6",{"slug":288,"cid":289,"name":290,"nameZh":291,"cas":292},"785883181285904384","J-7379-6","1,1-Dimethoxypropane","丙醛缩二甲醇","4744-10-9",{"slug":294,"cid":295,"name":296,"nameZh":297,"cas":298},"785876836004401152","J-14853-1","Lithium acetylacetonate","乙酰丙酮锂","18115-70-3",1790076451118,"zh-CN",[]]