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尾气中含有少量未反应的游离氯和三氯化铁，用氯化亚铁溶液吸收氯气，得到三氯化铁溶液。生产操作中，因三氯化铁蒸气与空气中水分接触后强烈发热，并放出盐酸气，因此管道和设备要密封良好，整个系统在负压下操作。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>2.可由铁与氯气直接反应制得。用直径28mm、长1m以上的超硬质玻璃为反应管，并沿反应管作成二至三个缩颈，以便在生成物升华后将该缩颈烧断。缩颈的内径细于10mm时，则可能被生成物堵塞。此外，为避免在反应中因管的堵塞使氯气流受阻，导致从接口处喷出，以另设气体逸出通路的方法，较为安全。如欲制备大量无水物，宜使用广口瓶作为接受器，将无缩颈的短反应管直接插入广口瓶中。反应所用的氯气用浓硫酸和五氧化二磷干燥，在反应管出口处也应连接氯化钙管，并用浓的氢氧化钠水溶液吸收氯气。反应管宜预先通入干燥的空气并加热，以除尽管中的水分。接着将110℃下干燥过的纯铁丝35.5g放入反应管的端部，并用氯气置换管内空气，然后用煤气灯在铁丝下方仔细加热，即可迅速发生放热反应，故必须注意火焰的调节。若反应完毕，则在通入氯气的同时来回移动火焰，使生成物向管的相邻部分升华移动，如此反复多次进行精制，同时将生成物汇集于管的末端。冷却后用彻底干燥的空气或氮气置换出氯气，然后将汇集有最终产物的部分熔封。从封管中取出最终产物的操作应在干燥箱中进行。反应是按定量进行的，但因在管壁上附着生成物，故难免有百分之几的损失。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>3.将研成粉末状的六水合氯化铁20g置于圆底烧瓶中，加入新蒸馏的亚硫酰氯50mL，虽在室温下也立即有二氧化硫及氯化氢气体产生。当发泡停止，便在烧瓶上安装回流冷凝器，加热回流1～2h。过量的亚硫酰氯可经减压蒸馏除去之。将烧瓶中的产物迅速移入盛有氢氧化钠的干燥器中，至少放置12h以彻底除去亚硫酰氯。其收率可按定量计算。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>4.可将盐酸与氧化铁反应,或通氯气于氯化亚铁溶液而制得。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>5.制法（1）盐酸法　将盐酸和铁屑加入反应器中进行反应，生成二氯化铁溶液，经澄清，把氯气通入清液进行氯化反应，生成三氯化铁溶液，再经澄清，制得三氯化铁溶液成品。其反应式如下：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>（2）一步氯化法　将氯气直接通入浸泡铁屑的水中进行氯化反应，生成三氯化铁溶液，经澄清，制得液体三氯化铁成品。其反应式如下：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Ctd>\n\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 国标编号: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 81513 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> ＣＡＳ: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 7705-08-0 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 中文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 三氯化铁 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 英文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> Ferric trichloride；Ferric chloride \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 别 名: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 氯化铁 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 分子式: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> FeCl\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub> \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 分子量: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 162.21 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 熔 点: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 306℃ \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 密 度: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 相对密度(水=1)2.90； \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 蒸汽压: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 溶解性: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 易溶于水，不溶于革油，易溶于甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、乙醚 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 稳定性: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 稳定 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 外观与性状: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 黑棕色结晶，也有薄片状 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 危险标记: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 20(酸性腐蚀品) \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 用 途: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 用作饮水和废水的处理剂，染料工业的氧化剂和媒染剂，有机合成的催化剂和氧化剂 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb> 2.对环境的影响: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>一、健康危害 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>侵入途径：吸入、食入、经皮吸收。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>健康危害：吸入本品粉尘对整个呼吸道有强烈刺激腐蚀作用，损害粘膜组织，引起化学性肺炎等。对眼有强烈腐蚀性，重者可导致失明。皮肤接触可致化学性灼伤。口服灼伤口腔和消化道，出现剧烈腹痛、呕吐和虚脱。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>慢性影响：长期摄入有可能引起肝肾损害。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>二、毒理学资料及环境行为 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>急性毒性：LD50 1872mg\u002Fkg(大鼠经口) \n\u003Cbr \u002F>危险特性：受高热分解产生有毒的腐蚀性气体。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>燃烧(分解)产物：氯化物。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cb>3.现场应急监测方法: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>　 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cb>4.实验室监测方法: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>原子吸收法 《食品中添加剂的分析方法》，马家骧等译 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>比色法(EPA方法 9250) \n\u003Cbr \u002F>滴定法(EPA方法 9252) \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cb>5.环境标准: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>美国 车间卫生标准 1mg\u002Fm3[Fe] \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cb>6.应急处理处置方法: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>一、泄漏应急处理 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>隔离泄漏污染区，周围设警告标志，建议应急处理人员戴好防毒面具，穿化学防护服。不要直接接触泄漏物，避免扬尘，收集运至废物处理场所处置。使其溶于a.水、b.酸、或c.氧化成水溶液状态，再加硫化物发生沉淀反应，然后废弃。也可以用大量水冲洗，经稀释的洗水放入废水系统。如大量泄漏，收集回收或无害处理后废弃。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>二、防护措施 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>呼吸系统防护：可能接触其粉尘时，应该佩带防尘口罩。必要时佩带防毒面具。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>眼睛防护：戴化学安全防护眼镜。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>防护服：穿工作服(防腐材料制作)。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>手防护：戴橡皮手套。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>其它：工作后，淋浴更衣。单独存放被毒物污染的衣服，洗后再用。保持良好的卫生习惯。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>三、急救措施 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>皮肤接触：立即用水冲洗至少15分钟。若有灼伤，就医治疗。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>眼睛接触：立即提起眼睑，用流动清水或生理盐水冲洗至少15分钟。就医。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>吸入：迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。必要时进行人工呼吸。就医。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>食入：患者清醒时立即漱口，给饮牛奶或蛋清。就医。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>灭火方法：雾状水、火场周围可用的灭火介质。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003C\u002Ftd>","2026-08-21T07:51:12.859463Z",false,[368,374,380,386,392,397,403,409,413,419,425,431],{"slug":369,"cid":370,"name":371,"nameZh":372,"cas":373},"785882302444998656","J-2992-5","Dysprosium","金属镝","7429-91-6",{"slug":375,"cid":376,"name":377,"nameZh":378,"cas":379},"785881914291523584","J-21494-8","trilithium hexafluoroaluminate","六氟铝酸锂","13821-20-0",{"slug":381,"cid":382,"name":383,"nameZh":384,"cas":385},"785948872869416960","J-805224-2","Lithium Ruthenate","钌酸锂","12508-91-7",{"slug":387,"cid":388,"name":389,"nameZh":390,"cas":391},"785880448294195200","J-15523-7","Zinc titanate","钛酸锌","12036-43-0",{"slug":393,"cid":394,"name":395,"nameZh":390,"cas":396},"785895049018740736","J-1309892-5","ZINC 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