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丙烯酸及其盐. 增值税率:17.0% 退税率:9.0% 监管条件:无 最惠国关税:6.5% 普通关税:30.0%",{"key":355,"value":356},"申报要素","品名, 成分含量, 用途, 丙烯酸、丙烯酸盐或酯应报明包装",{"key":358,"value":359},"Summary","2916110000 salts of acrylic acid VAT:17.0% Tax rebate rate:9.0% Supervision conditions:none MFN tariff:6.5% General tariff:30.0%",[361,364,366,369,372,375,378,381,384,387,390,393,396,399],{"key":362,"value":363},"符号","GHS02, GHS05, GHS07, GHS09",{"key":365,"value":250},"信号词",{"key":367,"value":368},"危害声明","H226-H302 + H312 + H332-H314-H335-H400",{"key":370,"value":371},"警示性声明","P210-P261-P273-P303 + P361 + P353-P304 + P340 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338",{"key":373,"value":374},"个人防护装备","Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;Goggles;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter",{"key":376,"value":377},"危害码 (欧洲)","C:Corrosive",{"key":379,"value":380},"风险声明 (欧洲)","R10;R20\u002F21\u002F22;R35;R50",{"key":382,"value":383},"安全声明 (欧洲)","S26-S36\u002F37\u002F39-S45-S61",{"key":385,"value":386},"危险品运输编码","UN 2218 8\u002FPG 2",{"key":388,"value":389},"WGK德国","1",{"key":391,"value":392},"RTECS号","AS4375000",{"key":394,"value":395},"包装等级","II",{"key":397,"value":398},"危险类别","8",{"key":349,"value":350},"\u003Ctd>\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>丙烯酸毒理学数据:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>1.急性毒性\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>LD50：2520mg\u002Fkg（大鼠经口）；2400mg\u002Fkg（小鼠经口）；950mg\u002Fkg（兔经皮）\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>LC50：1200ppm（大鼠吸入，4h）；5300mg\u002Fm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>（小鼠吸入，2h）\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>2.刺激性\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>家兔经皮：500mg，重度刺激（开放性刺激试验）。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>家兔经眼：250μg（24h），重度刺激。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>3.致突变性 细胞遗传学分析：小鼠淋巴细胞450mg\u002FL。哺乳动物体细胞突变：小鼠淋巴细胞500mg\u002FL。细胞遗传学分析：仓鼠卵巢116mg\u002FL。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>4.致癌性\u003Csup> \u003C\u002Fsup>IARC致癌性评论：G3，对人及动物致癌性证据不足。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>5.其他 大鼠腹腔最低中毒剂量（TDLo）：73216μg\u002Fkg（孕5~15d），致胚胎毒性，肌肉骨骼发育异常。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>丙烯酸生态学数据:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>1.生态毒性\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>IC50：41mg\u002FL（72h）（藻类）\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>2.生物降解性\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>好氧生物降解（h）：24~168\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>厌氧生物降解（h）：672~4320\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>3.非生物降解性\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>光解最大光吸收（nm）：250\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>空气中光氧化半衰期（h）：2.5~23.8\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fen\u002Fcas\u002F79-10-7_242983.html#duXinDiv\">丙烯酸毒性英文版\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003C\u002Ftd>","\u003Cp>1.氰乙醇法 该法以氯乙醇和氰化钠为原料，反应生成氰乙醇，氰乙醇在硫酸存在下于175℃水解生成丙烯酸：若水解反应在甲醇中进行，则生成丙烯酸甲酯。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>2.丙烯腈水解法 丙烯腈先以硫酸水解生成丙烯酰胺的硫酸盐，再水解生成丙烯酸，副产硫酸氢铵。此法在美国罗姆-哈斯公司得到了很大发展。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>第一步水解温度为90～100℃。向丙烯腈中加入稍稍过量的55%～85%的硫酸,1h后丙烯腈即完全转化;然后加水进行第二次水解，并将反应温度提高到125～135℃；水解产物经减压蒸馏而得丙烯酸。此法实际上是早期氰乙醇法的发展。由于水解后生成的副产品酸性硫酸铵处理困难，原料丙烯腈的价格较贵，因而影响生产成本。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>3.高压雷佩法将溶于四氢呋喃中乙炔，在溴化镍和溴化铜组成的催化剂存在下，与一氧化碳和水反应，制得丙烯酸。此法的特点是：用四氢呋喃为溶剂，可以减少高压处理乙炔的危险；同时催化剂不用原雷佩法所用的羰基镍，只需用镍盐。将丙烯与空气及水蒸气按一定摩尔比混合，在钼-铋等复合催化剂存在下，反应温度310-470℃，常压氧化制得丙烯醛，收率达90%。再将丙烯醛与空气及水蒸气按一定摩尔比混合，在钼-钒等复合催化剂存在下，反应温度300-470℃，常压氧化制得丙烯酸，收率可达98%。此法分一步和两步法。一步法是丙烯在一个反应器内氧化生成丙烯酸；两步法是丙烯先在第一反应器内氧化生成丙烯醛，丙烯醛再进入第二反应器氧化生成丙烯酸。两步法根据反应器结构，又分固定床和流化床法两种。丙烯酸的工业生产方法中，氰乙醇法，高压雷佩法已经基本淘汰，以前采用的以乙酸为原料裂解为乙烯酮，然后与无水甲醛反应生成丙内酯，再与热磷酸接触异构为丙烯酸。称烯酮法或β-丙内酯法也基本淘汰，丙烯腈法只有少数老装置采用。目前工业上采用的主要是改良雷佩法和丙烯氧化法，而后者更为普通且最有发展前途。专利报道中，还有丙酸为原料的生产方法。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>4.β -丙内酯法　此法原料为乙烯酮，故又称乙烯酮法，其反应式如下：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>先将乙酸裂解为乙烯酮，然后与无水甲醛反应生成β  丙内酯；用作催化剂在140～180℃、2.5～25MPa下，丙内酯再与热的100%磷酸接触，异构为丙烯酸。用β -丙内酯法生产丙烯酸，产品纯度高，收率亦较高，副产物和未反应物料能循环使用，并适于连续生产，但它需用乙酸为原料，特别是由于丙内酯被认为是一种致癌物质，故此法已不在工业上采用。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>5.丙烯氧化法　其反应式如下:\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>将丙烯与空气及水蒸气按一定摩尔比混合，在钼铋系复合催化剂存在下，氧化制得丙烯醛，再将丙烯醛与空气及水蒸气按一定摩尔比混合，在钼-钒-钨系复合催化剂存在下，氧化制得丙烯酸。此法根据反应器结构，又分固定床法和流化床法两种。除美国索亥俄法采用流化床外，其他都采用列管式固定床。\u003Cbr \u002F>① 固定床法。制法是：第一反应器进料丙烯含量为4%～7%，水蒸气20%～50%，其余为空气，空速1300～2600h－1，反应温度320～340℃，压力0.1～0.3MPa；第二反应器空速为1800～3600h－1，反应温度280～300℃，压力0.1～0.2MPa，丙烯和丙烯醛的转化率都在95%以上，丙烯酸的选择性以丙烯计为85%～90%。工艺过程为：使丙烯、水蒸气与经过预热的空气混合后进入第一反应器。丙烯被氧化成丙烯醛。再进入第二反应器反应，得到丙烯酸。第一、第二反应器均为列管式反应器，用熔盐作热载体，从第二反应器出来的反应气与原料空气换热后进入急冷塔，与塔顶加入的水逆向接触，获得含量为20%～30%的丙烯酸水溶液。该水溶液进入萃取塔，以乙酸丁酯或二甲苯为萃取剂，使水与丙烯酸分离。富含水的萃取液从萃取塔塔顶出来，进入溶剂回收塔，将萃取剂从塔顶蒸出，送回萃取塔循环使用。塔底排出废水。萃取塔中的萃余液进入溶剂蒸馏塔。从塔顶蒸出溶剂 （萃取剂） ，送回萃取塔循环使用；塔底得到粗丙烯酸，再经脱去轻组分和重组分后得到丙烯酸产品。丙烯经气相接触氧化反应制造丙烯酸过程中，除产物丙烯酸外，还存有微量丙烯醛、乙酸、戊酮酸、蚁酸以及其他醛类杂质。醛类是丙烯氧化副产物或由于丙烯原料中含有的杂质氧化而生成的，如乙醛、甲醛、苯甲醛、糠醛、丙烯醛等，含有这些副产物的反应气体，经冷却、抽提蒸馏后，残留于丙烯酸产品中。采用常规方法精制的丙烯酸产品中，仍含有约 （50～500） ×10－6的醛物质。为了适应高纯丙烯酸需要，北京东方化工厂以该厂聚合级丙烯酸为原料，开发出一种制备高纯丙烯酸的方法，使其总醛含量小于5×10－6，达到或超过国外有关文献报道的数据要求 （ 国外小于10×10－6） 。其实验方法是：向烧瓶中加入一定量的聚合级丙烯酸，添加试剂DL，在常压下经10～80℃范围处理后，再进入填料塔中处理蒸馏，塔釜中温度为60～80℃，塔顶温度为50～70℃，真空93.33～99.99KPa，采用补加阻聚剂及气相阻聚剂方法，可防止丙烯酸在精馏过程中聚合。用此法收集的蒸馏品即为高纯丙烯酸。\u003Cbr \u002F>② 流化床法。制法是丙烯、空气、水经过第一沸腾床反应器生成丙烯醛，再进入第二沸腾床反应器生成丙烯酸，然后经喷淋、冷却、萃取蒸馏，再在减压塔中脱除乙酸而得丙烯酸。氧化混合物配比为丙烯∶空气∶水＝1∶12∶8（ 摩尔比） 。第一沸腾床反应器温度370℃，接触时间2s；第二沸腾床反应器温度260℃，接触 时 间2.25s 。丙 烯 转 化 率75%～80%，总 收 率40%，丙烯酸含量97%，平均含量93%。国内在第一反应器中采用七元组分 （ 钼-钒-磷-铁- 钴-镍-钾）的催化剂，丙烯氧化制丙烯醛；在第二反应器中采用三元组分 （ 钼- 钒-钨）的催化剂，丙烯醛氧化制丙烯酸，当丙烯∶空气∶水＝1∶10∶6，接触时间5.5s，线速度0.6m\u002Fs反应温度：一段为370-390 ℃，二段为270～300℃时，以进料丙烯计，一段丙烯转化率为78.7%～87%，丙烯 醛 收 率 为 51.9%～57.2%，二 段 丙 烯 转 化 率 为79.3%～89.4%，丙烯酸收率为48.3%～49.8%，丙烯酸的空时收率为55～60kg\u002F（m3催化剂·h） 。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Ctd>\n\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 国标编号: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 81617 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> ＣＡＳ: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 79-10-7 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 中文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 丙烯酸 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 英文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> Acrylic acid；Propenoic acid \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 别 名: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 分子式: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> C\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>H\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>O\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>；CH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>CHCOOH \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 分子量: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 72.06 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 熔 点: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 14℃ 沸点：141℃ \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 密 度: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 相对密度(水=1)1.05； \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 蒸汽压: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 50℃ \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 溶解性: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 与水混溶，可混溶于乙醇、乙醚 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 稳定性: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 稳定 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 外观与性状: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 无色液体，有刺激性气味 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 危险标记: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 20(酸性腐蚀品) \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 用 途: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 用于树脂制造 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb> 2.对环境的影响: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 一、健康危害 \n\u003Cbr \u002F> 侵入途径：吸入、食入、经皮吸收。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>健康危害：本品对皮肤、眼睛和呼吸道有强烈刺激作用。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F> 二、毒理学资料及环境行为 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>毒性：属低毒类。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>急性毒性：LD\n\u003Csub>50\u003C\u002Fsub>2520mg\u002Fkg(大鼠经口)；950mg\u002Fkg(兔经皮)；LC\n\u003Csub>50\u003C\u002Fsub>5300mg\u002Fm\n\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>，2小时(小鼠吸入)\n\u003Cbr \u002F>致突变性：细胞遗传学分析：小鼠淋巴细胞450mg\u002FL。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>生殖毒性：大鼠腹腔最低中毒剂量(TDL\n\u003Csub>0\u003C\u002Fsub>)：73216ug\u002Fkg(孕5～15天)，致胚胎毒性，肌肉骨骼发育异常。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>致癌性：IARC致癌性评论：动物、人类皆无可靠数据。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F> 危险特性：其蒸气与空气形成爆炸性混合物，遇明火、高热能引起燃烧爆炸。与氧化剂能发生强烈反应。若遇高热，可能发生聚合反应，出现大量放热现象，引起容器破裂和爆炸事故。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>燃烧(分解)产物：一氧化碳、二氧化碳。 \n\u003Ch3>3.现场应急监测方法:\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 　 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Ch3>4.实验室监测方法:\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 气相色谱法《气相色谱法测定环境大气中丙烯酸酯类化合物》顾海东等，上海环境监测，1998(1)P115～16 \n\u003Ch3>5.环境标准:\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>前苏联\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>5mg\u002Fm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>前苏联(1975)\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>水体中有害物质最高允许浓度\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>0.5mg\u002FL\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>　\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>嗅觉阈浓度\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>0.094ppm\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Ch3>6.应急处理处置方法:\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 一、泄漏应急处理 \n\u003Cbr \u002F> 疏散泄漏污染区人员至安全区，禁止无关人员进入污染区，切断火源。建议应急处理人员戴自给式呼吸器，穿化学防护服。不要直接接触泄漏物，在确保安全情况下堵漏。喷水雾能减少蒸发但不要使水进入储存容器内。用沙土或其它不燃性吸附剂混合吸收，然后收集运至废物处理场所处置。如大量泄漏，利用围堤收容，然后收集、转移、回收或无害处理后废弃。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F> 二、防护措施 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>呼吸系统防护：空气中浓度超标时，应该佩带防毒面具。紧急事态抢救或逃生时，佩带自给式呼吸器。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>眼睛防护：戴化学安全防护眼镜。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>防护服：穿工作服(防腐材料制作)。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>手防护：戴橡皮手套。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>其它：工作后，淋浴更衣。注意个人清洁卫生。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F> 三、急救措施 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>皮肤接触：脱去污染的衣着，立即用水冲洗至少15分钟。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>眼睛接触：立即提起眼睑，用流动清水或生理盐水冲洗至少15分钟。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>吸入：迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。必要时进行人工呼吸。就医。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>食入：误服者给饮大量温水，催吐，就医。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F> 灭火方法：雾状水、二氧化碳、砂土、抗溶性泡沫。\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003C\u002Ftd>","2026-08-21T07:51:12.859463Z",false,[406,412,418,421,427,433],{"slug":407,"cid":408,"name":409,"nameZh":410,"cas":411},"785892571237847040","J-32936-3","Lithium carbonate","碳酸锂","554-13-2",{"slug":413,"cid":414,"name":415,"nameZh":416,"cas":417},"785897958599036928","J-1309218-4","Lithium formate","甲酸锂","556-63-8",{"slug":419,"cid":337,"name":420,"nameZh":338,"cas":339},"785881296235663360","Glycine",{"slug":422,"cid":423,"name":424,"nameZh":425,"cas":426},"785888292854829056","J-24552-8","Beryllium carbonate","碳酸铍","13106-47-3",{"slug":428,"cid":429,"name":430,"nameZh":431,"cas":432},"785883707599753216","J-8865-7","Glycolic acid","羟基乙酸","79-14-1",{"slug":434,"cid":435,"name":436,"nameZh":437,"cas":438},"785891437311954944","J-1408131-8","Lithium acrylate","丙烯酸锂","13270-28-5",1792625749941,"zh-CN",[]]