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三氯化硼的合成装置\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>2.用三氟化硼制备。可以使用图所示的装置。1L圆底烧瓶用一根直径约30mm、长25cm的玻璃管与500mL蒸馏烧瓶的底熔接在一起。三氟化硼的进料管通过软木塞插到蒸馏烧瓶之中，并延伸到大烧瓶的中央。500mL烧瓶是为避免大量三氯化铝与三氯化硼一起升华，起着冷凝器的作用。蒸馏烧瓶上有支管与U形管连接，U形管用干冰甲醇冷却，在U形管的出口装有干燥管。在反应烧瓶中装入67g无水三氯化铝(0.5mol)。将BF3发生装置通过硫酸洗气瓶与反应烧瓶连接起来。发生装置必须是足以发生132g(2mol)BF3的才行。BF3的流速大约为30min通过2mol的气体。在装置内通入BF3将空气逐出以后，用小火焰慢慢地加热装有三氯化铝的反应烧瓶。当温度上升时，反应立即开始，继续加热，再用两个加热器强烈加热两个烧瓶，使产物从反应混合物中分离出来，直到三氯化硼全部蒸馏出来为止。分离出生成的三氯化硼后，加热时，则三氟化铝就成为白色粉末，从烧瓶器壁上剥落下来。三氯化硼则集聚在U形管中。反应结束以后，将U形管取下密封。可用蒸馏法进行提纯。可得47g产品(80%)。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>3.用KBF4制备。可用制法1的装置，以KBF4代替BF3。用133g无水三氯化铝(1mol)及62g KBF4(05mol)，用油浴加热4h，缓缓地使温度从150℃上升至175℃。生成的三氯化硼用液氮冷凝，再进行蒸馏。可得30g产品(对KBF4而言，收率为52%)。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Ctd>\n\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 国标编号: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 81059 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> ＣＡＳ: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 10294-33-4 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 中文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 三溴化硼 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 英文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> Boron tribromide；Boron bromide \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 别 名: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 溴化硼 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 分子式: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> BBr\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub> \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 分子量: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 250.54 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 熔 点: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> -45℃ \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 密 度: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 相对密度(水=1)2.65 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 蒸汽压: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 溶解性: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 溶于四氯化碳 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 稳定性: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 稳定 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 外观与性状: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 无色或稍带黄色的发烟液体，有强烈的刺激性臭味 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 危险标记: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 20(酸性腐蚀品) \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 用 途: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 用于有机硼合成和高纯硼的制取 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb> 2.对环境的影响: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>一、健康危害 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>侵入途径：吸入、食入、经皮吸收。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>健康危害：对眼睛、皮肤、粘膜和呼吸道有强烈的刺激作用。吸入可能由于喉、支气管的痉挛、水肿、炎症，化学性肺炎、肺水肿而致死。中毒表现有烧灼感、咳嗽、喘息、喉炎、气短、头痛、恶心和呕吐。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>二、毒理学资料及环境行为 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>危险特性：受热或遇水分解，放出有毒的腐蚀性气体，有时会发生爆炸。有腐蚀性。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>燃烧(分解)产物：溴化氢、氧化硼。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cb>3.现场应急监测方法: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>　 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cb>4.实验室监测方法: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>原子吸收法 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cb>5.环境标准: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>美国 车间卫生标准 10mg\u002Fm3[上限值] \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cb>6.应急处理处置方法: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>一、泄漏应急处理 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>疏散泄漏污染区人员至安全区，禁止无关人员进入污染区，建议应急处理人员戴自给式呼吸器，穿化学防护服。不要直接接触泄漏物，在确保安全情况下堵漏。将地面洒上苏打灰，然后用大量水冲洗，经稀释的洗水放入废水系统。如果大量泄漏，收集回收或无害处理后废弃。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>二、防护措施 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>呼吸系统防护：可能接触其蒸气或烟雾时，必须佩戴防毒面具或供气式头盔。紧急事态抢救或逃生时，建议佩带自给式呼吸器。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>眼睛防护：戴化学安全防护眼镜。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>防护服：穿工作服(防腐材料制作)。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>手防护：戴橡皮手套。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>其它：工作后，淋浴更衣。单独存放被毒物污染的衣服，洗后再用。保持良好的卫生习惯。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>三、急救措施 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>皮肤接触：立即脱去污染的衣着，用大量流动清水彻底冲洗。若有灼伤，就医治疗。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>眼睛接触：立即提起眼睑，用流动清水冲洗10分钟或用2%碳酸氢钠溶液冲洗。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>吸入：迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。注意保暖，保持呼吸道通畅。必要时进行人工呼吸。就医。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>食入：患者清醒时立即漱口，给饮牛奶或蛋清。立即就医。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>灭火方法：干粉、砂土、二氧化碳。禁止用水。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003C\u002Ftd>","2026-11-02T09:24:19.736478Z",false,[367,373,379,385,391,397,403,409,415,421,427,433],{"slug":368,"cid":369,"name":370,"nameZh":371,"cas":372},"785875446649589760","J-9843-1","Zirconium hydroxide","氢氧化锆","14475-63-9",{"slug":374,"cid":375,"name":376,"nameZh":377,"cas":378},"785893590382415872","J-35639-8","Chloropentaamminecobalt(III) chloride","氯化五氨氯合钴(III)","13859-51-3",{"slug":380,"cid":381,"name":382,"nameZh":383,"cas":384},"785894980492201984","J-39823-2","neodymium chloride","无水氯化钕","10024-93-8",{"slug":386,"cid":387,"name":388,"nameZh":389,"cas":390},"785872084113821696","J-1990978-5","Nickel sulfamate","氨基磺酸镍","13770-89-3",{"slug":392,"cid":393,"name":394,"nameZh":395,"cas":396},"785925424466104320","J-432961-7","Aluminium lutetium trioxide","铝酸镥","37233-67-3",{"slug":398,"cid":399,"name":400,"nameZh":401,"cas":402},"785884707182088192","J-1325484-7","Cobalt(II) sulfamate","氨基磺酸钴","14017-41-5",{"slug":404,"cid":405,"name":406,"nameZh":407,"cas":408},"785912545721454592","J-1606917-3","Cerium(III) fluoride trihydrate","三水合氟化铈(III)","2123565-89-7",{"slug":410,"cid":411,"name":412,"nameZh":413,"cas":414},"785888226458996736","J-24256-8","Tungstic acid","钨酸","7783-03-1",{"slug":416,"cid":417,"name":418,"nameZh":419,"cas":420},"785898230687731712","J-1331247-5","Perrhenic acid","铼酸","13768-11-1",{"slug":422,"cid":423,"name":424,"nameZh":425,"cas":426},"785893714517037056","J-1341350-8","Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate","五水硫酸铜","7758-99-8",{"slug":428,"cid":429,"name":430,"nameZh":431,"cas":432},"785880449200164864","J-1340302-6","Cadmium zirconate","锆酸镉","12139-23-0",{"slug":434,"cid":435,"name":436,"nameZh":437,"cas":438},"785904259441889280","J-155809-4","Dialuminum dichlorocobalt oxygen fluoride","氯氟氧化铝钴","68442-96-6",1794266663764,"zh-CN",[]]