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href=\"\u002Fen\u002Fcas\u002F544-92-3_509699.html#duXinDiv\">氰化亚铜毒性英文版\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003C\u002Ftd>","\u003Cp>1.氰化亚铜的生产方法有亚硫酸钠法、亚硫酸钠循环法、氯化亚铜法。常彩亚硫酸钠循环法，该法具有操作稳定，控制方便，可节省亚硫酸钠原料等优点。其工艺流程如下。本方法对原料中含铁量要求较高，除确保工业原料纯度外，硫酸铜含铁量＜0.05%，碳酸钠含铁量≤0.005，氰化钠含铁量≤0.005，碳酸和硫酸中的含铁量≤0.001%。因此在合成氰化亚铜前应对原料进行含铁量处理。\u003Cbr \u002F>氰化钠溶液的制备与处理 在溶解槽内用水将氰化钠和碳酸钠溶解配成含氰化钠130 g\u002FL，碳酸钠60 g\u002FL,加入少量的氢氧化钠吸收氰化纳水解时产生的微量氰化氢。此时Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>形成Fe(OH)\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>沉淀，转入沉降槽沉降16 h，上清液经检验合格后打入高位槽备用。\u003Cbr \u002F>硫酸铜溶液的制备与处理 将硫酸铜用水溶解后，用10%的碳酸钠溶液将pH值调至5～5.3，然后用次氯酸钠（10%)溶液把Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>氧化成Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup>，用水稀释至硫酸铜280 g\u002FL转移到沉降槽静置48 h，澄清液化验合格备用。\u003Cbr \u002F>亚硫酸钠溶液的配制及处理 在溶解槽内将亚硫酸钠，碳酸钠用水溶解，配成含亚硫酸钠150 g\u002FL，碳酸钠40 g\u002FL的溶液，再加入少许烧碱，使铁离子沉淀，在沉降槽中沉降16 h，上清液化验合格后抽入高位槽备用。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>氰化亚铜的合成 将上述制备的硫酸铜和亚硫酸钠溶液自高位槽中计量放入反应釜中，在不断搅拌下生成亚硫酸铜和亚硫酸亚铜复盐糊状沉淀。再自高位槽计量放出氰化钠溶液，有碳酸钠中和副产物硫酸，充分搅拌反应完成后，用稀硫酸调pH值至1～2。用水浮洗除去FeSO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>,Na\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>SO\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>等杂质。结晶放入真空干燥器内，真空干燥即得成品。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>1kg CuSO4溶于3.2L水中(40～50℃)。280g NaHSO3溶于800mL水中(50～80℃)。280g NaCN溶于800mL水中(50～80℃)。每种溶液均在60℃过滤。将NaHSO3溶液在1～2min内倒入CuSO4溶液，接着立即倒入NaCN溶液。有少量SO2放出。10min后将热溶液过滤。产品用沸水洗涤，再用乙醇洗，在100℃干燥，得到细软粉末。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>2.硫酸法：在溶解槽内将氰化钠和碳酸钠用水在30～40℃溶解成含氰化钠130g\u002FL、碳酸钠60g\u002FL的溶液，加入少量氢氧化钠，以吸收氰化钠水解时产生的微量氰化氢气体，并使Fe\u003Csup>3+\u003C\u002Fsup> 、Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>、Ca\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup> 、Mg\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup> 生成氢氧化物沉淀，沉降16h后分离得合格清液，供反应用。将硫酸铜用水在30～40℃溶解，加入15%～20%碳酸钠溶液，调ph至5～5.3，加入10%次氯酸钠使二价铁氧化成三价铁，配成含硫酸铜280g\u002FL的溶液，沉降48H，分离清液含Fe＜20×10－6，供反应用。将亚硫酸钠、碳酸钠用水在30～35℃溶解成含亚硫酸钠150g\u002FL、碳酸钠40g\u002FL的溶液，再加入少量氢氧化钠，使Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>、Ca\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup> 、Mg\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup> 生成氢氧化物沉淀，沉降16H，分离清液含Fe＜20×10－4后，供反应用。将上述配制好的硫酸铜、亚硫酸钠与碳酸钠溶液，在搅拌下反应生成亚硫酸铜与亚硫酸亚铜的复盐糊状沉淀，再将氰化钠与碳酸钠溶液进行反应生成白色氰化亚铜。反应生成的硫酸被碳酸钠中和，并加稀硫酸调PH至1～2，使沉淀状态的铁变成可溶性Fe\u003Csup>2+\u003C\u002Fsup>在漂洗时洗掉，并使CO\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>\u003Csup>2-\u003C\u002Fsup> 变成CO2气体放出。反应后的物料用水漂洗除去硫酸钠，再经离心分离，真空干燥，即得氰化亚铜成品。其反应式如下：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Ctd>\n\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 国标编号: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 61001 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> ＣＡＳ: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 544-92-3 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 中文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 氰化亚铜 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 英文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> cuprous cyanide \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 别 名: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 分子式: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> Cu(CN) \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 分子量: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 89.56 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 熔 点: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 473℃ \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 密 度: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 相对密度(水=1)2.9(氮 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 蒸汽压: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 溶解性: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 不溶于水，微溶于热水、乙醇、醚，溶于碱液、氨水 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 稳定性: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 稳定 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 外观与性状: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 白色单斜结晶粉末或淡绿色粉末 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 危险标记: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 13(无机剧毒品) \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 用 途: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 电镀铜及其它合金，合成抗结核药及防污涂料 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 2.对环境的影响 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>一、健康危害 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>侵入途径： 吸入、食入、经皮吸收 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>健康危害：吸入后引起头痛、头晕、恶心、呕吐、虚弱、惊厥、昏迷、咳嗽、呼吸困难。对呼吸道有强烈刺激性，可引起肺水肿而致死。对皮肤、眼有强烈的刺激性，可致灼伤。口服出现头痛、头晕、恶心、呕吐、虚弱、惊厥、昏迷、咳嗽、呼吸困难、血压下降等，刺激口腔和消化道或造成灼伤。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>二、毒理学资料及环境行为 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>刺激性：家兔经眼，20mg(24小时)，重度刺激。家兔经皮：500mg(24小时)，轻度刺激。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>危险特性：不燃。受高热或与酸接触会产生剧毒的氰化物气体。与硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、氯酸盐反应剧烈，有发生爆炸的危险。遇酸或露置空气中能吸收水分和二氧化碳，分解出剧毒的氰化氢气体。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>燃烧(分解)产物：氰化氢、氧化氮。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>3. 现场应急监测方法 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>试纸法；速测管法；化学试剂测试组法；分光光度法；离子选择电极法《突发性环境污染事故应急监测与处理处置技术》万本太主编(氰化物) \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>4.实验室监测方法 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>比色法(GB7486-87，GB7487-87)(氰化物) \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>5.环境标准 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>中国(TJ36-79)车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度 0.3mg\u002Fm3(HCN)[皮] \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>6.应急处理处置方法 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>一、泄漏应急处理 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>对泄漏物处理必须戴好防毒面具与手套，扫起，倒至大量水中。加入过量NaClO或漂白粉，放置24小时，确认氰化物全部分解，稀释后放入废水系统。污染区用NaClO溶液或漂白粉浸光24小时后，用大量水冲洗，洗水放入废水系统统一处理。对HCN则应将气体送至通风橱或将气体导入碳酸钠溶液中，加等量的NaClO，以6mol\u002FL NaOH中和，污水放入废水系统做统一处理。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>二、防护措施 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>呼吸系统防护：可能接触毒物时，必须佩戴头罩型电动送风过滤式防尘呼吸器。紧急事态抢救或撤离时，建议佩戴自给式呼吸器。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>眼睛防护：呼吸系统防护中已作防护。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>身体防护：穿连衣胶布防毒衣。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>手防护：戴橡胶手套。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>其它：工作现场禁止吸烟、进食和饮水。工作毕，彻底清洗。单独存放被毒物污染的衣服，洗后备用。车间应配备急救设备及药品。作业人员应学会自救互救。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>三、急救措施 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>皮肤接触：立即脱去被污染的衣着，用流动的清水或5%硫代硫酸溶液彻底冲洗至少20分钟，就医。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>眼睛接触：立即提起眼睑，用大量流动清水或生理盐水彻底冲洗至少15分钟。就医。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>吸入：迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。如呼吸困难，给输氧。呼吸心跳停止时，立即进行人工呼吸(勿用口对口)和胸外心脏按压术。给吸入亚硝酸异戊酯，就医。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>食入： 饮足量温水，催吐，用1：5000高锰酸钾或5%硫代硫酸钠溶液洗胃。就医。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>灭火方法：消防人员必须穿戴全身专用防护服。灭火剂：干粉、砂土，禁止用二氧化碳和酸碱灭火剂灭火。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr 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