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\u002F>1.急性毒性\u003Cbr \u002F>LD50：110mg\u002Fkg（大鼠经口）；140mg\u002Fkg（小鼠经口）\u003Cbr \u002F>2.刺激性 家兔经皮：500mg，轻度刺激（开放性刺激试验）\u003Cbr \u002F>3.致突变性 微生物致突变：鼠伤寒沙门菌1ml\u002F皿（2h）\u003Cbr \u002F>4.致癌性 IARC致癌性评论：G3，对人及动物致癌性证据不足。\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cstrong>二氯乙基醚生态学数据:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>1.生态毒性\u003Cbr \u002F>EC50：238mg\u002FL（48h）（水蚤，静态）\u003Cbr \u002F>LC50：600mg\u002FL（96h）（蓝鳃太阳鱼，静态）\u003Cbr \u002F>2.生物降解性\u003Cbr \u002F>好氧水相生物降解（h）：672~4320\u003Cbr \u002F>厌氧水相生物降解（h）：2688~17280\u003Cbr \u002F>3.非生物降解性\u003Cbr \u002F>空气中光氧化半衰期（h）：9.65~96.5\u003Cbr \u002F>一级水解半衰期（h）：1.93×10\u003Csup>5\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fen\u002Fcas\u002F111-44-4_161535.html#duXinDiv\">二氯乙基醚毒性英文版\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>1.精制方法：用浓盐酸多次洗涤后减压蒸馏。2.制法： 于装有搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝器(连一导气管吸收氯化氢和二氧化硫)、滴液漏斗反应瓶中，加入β，β′-二羟基二乙醚(2)500g（4.71mol），冰水浴冷至0℃左右，慢慢滴加氯化亚砜1200g，控制反应液温度在20℃以下，约5h加完。加完后室温搅拌3h，放置过夜。慢慢加入吡啶50～60mL，回流反应3h，蒸出过量的氯化亚砜。冷后倒入冰水中，静置，分出有机层，用饱和碳酸钠水溶液洗涤，无水氯化钙干燥，过滤，减压蒸馏，收集55～65℃\u002F1.0～1.2kPa的馏分，得β，β′-二氯二乙醚(1)538.4g,收率80%。\u003Csup>3.制法：\u003C\u002Fsup>于装有搅拌器、温度计、滴液漏斗、回流冷凝器（安装气体导管至SO2、HCl气体吸收瓶）的反应瓶中，加入β，β＇-二羟基二乙醚（2）500g，冰盐浴冷至0℃，搅拌下慢慢滴加氯化亚砜1.2kg，控制温度不超过20℃，约4h加完。而后室温反应3h。放置过夜，加入吡啶5g，回流反应3h。冷却后，慢慢倒入冰水中，充分搅拌。静置分层。分出有机层，用饱和碳酸钠溶液洗涤至中性。无水磷酸钙干燥，减压蒸馏，收集55～60℃\u002F1.0～1.2kPa的馏分，得β，β＇-二氯二乙醚\u003Csup>①\u003C\u002Fsup>（1），收率80%。注：①也可由氯乙醇在硫酸存在下加热脱水来制备。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong> 国标编号: \u003C\u002Fstrong> 61594 \u003Cstrong> ＣＡＳ: \u003C\u002Fstrong> 111-44-4 \u003Cstrong> 中文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong> 二氯乙醚 \u003Cstrong> 英文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong> dichloroethyl ether；bis-(2-chloroethyl)ether \u003Cstrong> 别 名: \u003C\u002Fstrong> β，β'-二氯代二乙醚；2，2’-二氯乙醚 \u003Cstrong> 分子式: \u003C\u002Fstrong> C\u003Csub>4\u003C\u002Fsub>H\u003Csub>8\u003C\u002Fsub>Cl\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>O；ClCH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>CH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>OCH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub>CH\u003Csub>2 \u003C\u002Fsub>\u003Cstrong> 分子量: \u003C\u002Fstrong> 143.01 \u003Cstrong> 熔 点: \u003C\u002Fstrong> -52℃ 沸点：178.5℃ \u003Cstrong> 密 度: \u003C\u002Fstrong> 相对密度(水=1)1.22(2 \u003Cstrong> 蒸汽压: \u003C\u002Fstrong> 55℃ \u003Cstrong> 溶解性: \u003C\u002Fstrong> 不溶于水，可混溶于乙醇、醚、多数有机溶剂 \u003Cstrong> 稳定性: \u003C\u002Fstrong> 稳定 \u003Cstrong> 外观与性状: \u003C\u002Fstrong> 带有辣味和水果味的无色透明液体 \u003Cstrong> 危险标记: \u003C\u002Fstrong> 14(有毒品) \u003Cstrong> 用 途: \u003C\u002Fstrong> 用作溶剂、土壤熏蒸杀虫剂，也用于有机合成和制涂料 \u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cstrong> 2.对环境的影响: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cbr \u002F>一、健康危害\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>侵入途径：吸入、食入、经皮吸收。\u003Cbr \u002F>健康危害：接触本品对眼睛、呼吸道粘膜有明显刺激作用，并有难以忍受的感觉，发生咳嗽、恶心、呕吐。动物实验本品有麻醉和强烈的刺激作用。\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>二、毒理学资料及环境行为\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>急性毒性：LD50110mg\u002Fkg(大鼠经口)；140mg\u002Fkg(小鼠经口)\u003Cbr \u002F>致突变性：微生物致突变：鼠伤寒沙门氏菌1mL\u002F皿(2小时)。\u003Cbr \u002F>致癌性：IARC致癌性评论：动物阳性。\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>危险特性：遇明火、高热易燃。受热或遇水分解放热，放出有毒的腐蚀性烟气。燃烧分解时，放出有毒的刺激性氯化物烟气。与氧化剂接触会猛烈反应。\u003Cbr \u002F>燃烧(分解)产物：一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氯化物。\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cstrong>3.现场应急监测方法: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cstrong>4.实验室监测方法: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cbr \u002F>气相色谱法《水和废水标准检验方法》19版译文，江苏省监测中心\u003Cbr \u002F>空气中的测定：样品用活性炭吸附后，经二硫化碳洗脱，再用气相色谱法测定(NIOSH法)\u003Cbr \u002F>水中的测定：样品用二氯甲烷萃取，再卤化物特效检测器的气相色谱法分析(EPA611法)或用色谱联用仪测定(EPA625法)\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cstrong>5.环境标准: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cbr \u002F>前苏联 车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度 2mg\u002Fm3\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cstrong>6.应急处理处置方法: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cbr \u002F>一、泄漏应急处理\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>迅速撤离泄漏污染区人员至安全区，并进行隔离，严格限制出入。切断火泊。建议应急处理人员戴自给正压式呼吸器，穿消防防护服。不要直接接触泄漏物。尽可能切断泄漏源，防止进入下水道、排洪沟等限制性空间。小量泄漏：用砂土或其它不燃材料吸附或吸收。大量泄漏：构筑围堤或挖坑收容；用泡沫覆盖，降低蒸气灾害。用泵转移至槽车或专用收集器内，回收或运至废物处理场所处置。\u003Cbr \u002F>废弃物处置方法：建议用焚烧法处置。废料同其他燃料混合后再焚烧，燃烧要充分、防止生成光气。焚烧炉排气中的卤化氢通过酸洗涤器除去。\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>二、防护措施\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>呼吸系统防护：可能接触其蒸气时，必须佩戴自吸过滤式防毒面具(半面罩)。紧急事态抢救或撤离时，建议佩戴空气呼吸器。\u003Cbr \u002F>眼睛防护：戴化学安全防护眼镜。\u003Cbr \u002F>身体防护：穿透气型防毒服。\u003Cbr \u002F>手防护：戴防化学品手套。\u003Cbr \u002F>其它：工作现场禁止吸烟、进食和饮水。工作毕，淋浴更衣。保持良好的卫生习惯。\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>三、急救措施\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>皮肤接触：脱去被污染的衣着，用肥皂水和清水彻底冲洗皮肤。\u003Cbr \u002F>眼睛接触：提起眼睑，用流动清水或生理盐水冲洗。就医。\u003Cbr \u002F>吸入：迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。如呼吸困难，给输氧。如呼吸停止，立即进行人工呼吸。就医。\u003Cbr \u002F>食入：饮足量湿水，催吐，就医。\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>灭火方法：消防人员须佩戴防毒面具、穿全身消防服。灭火剂：二氧化碳、干粉、砂土。\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>","2026-08-21T07:51:12.859463Z",false,[420,426,432,438,444,450,456,462,468,474,480,486],{"slug":421,"cid":422,"name":423,"nameZh":424,"cas":425},"785882642531749888","J-5182-1","Ethyl 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether","1,1,2,2-四氟乙基乙基醚","512-51-6",{"slug":427,"cid":428,"name":429,"nameZh":430,"cas":431},"785882373546840064","J-1955781-4","1,3-Dimethoxybenzene","间苯二甲醚","151-10-0",{"slug":433,"cid":434,"name":435,"nameZh":436,"cas":437},"785876263695814656","J-12844-9","1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl methyl ether","1,1,2,2-四氟乙基甲醚","425-88-7",{"slug":439,"cid":440,"name":441,"nameZh":442,"cas":443},"785883917335924736","J-41209-9","Hexafluoropropylene oxide","六氟环氧丙烷","428-59-1",{"slug":445,"cid":446,"name":447,"nameZh":448,"cas":449},"785882452806602752","J-4024-4","2-(Trifluoromethyl)oxirane","1,1,1-三氟-2,3-环氧丙烷","359-41-1",{"slug":451,"cid":452,"name":453,"nameZh":454,"cas":455},"785882094378160128","J-22016-6","Bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) ether","双(2,2,2-三氟乙基)醚","333-36-8",{"slug":457,"cid":458,"name":459,"nameZh":460,"cas":461},"785893049480777728","J-34584-6","Hexafluoroisopropyl methyl ether","六氟异丙基甲醚","13171-18-1",{"slug":463,"cid":464,"name":465,"nameZh":466,"cas":467},"785893437093187584","J-1354068-6","Butyl ethyl ether","丁基乙基醚","628-81-9",{"slug":469,"cid":470,"name":471,"nameZh":472,"cas":473},"785894687360684032","J-1504124-4","tert-Amyl methyl ether","甲基叔戊基醚","994-05-8",{"slug":475,"cid":476,"name":477,"nameZh":478,"cas":479},"785896685132845056","J-44956-9","3-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy)-1,2-epoxypropane","3-(2,2,3,3-四氟丙氧基)-1,2-环氧丙烷","19932-26-4",{"slug":481,"cid":482,"name":483,"nameZh":484,"cas":485},"785892089979211776","J-32010-5","4,4'-Oxydianiline","4,4'-二氨基二苯醚","101-80-4",{"slug":487,"cid":488,"name":489,"nameZh":490,"cas":491},"785897109894205440","J-1519074-6","Pentafluoroethyl trifluorovinyl ether","全氟乙基乙烯基醚","10493-43-3",1794250754910,"zh-CN",[]]