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2",{"key":414,"value":415},"WGK德国","3",{"key":417,"value":418},"RTECS号","BX2625000",{"key":420,"value":421},"包装等级","II",{"key":423,"value":424},"危险类别","6.1",{"key":375,"value":376},"\u003Ctd>\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>3,4-二氯苯胺毒理学数据:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>1.急性毒性 LD50：545mg\u002Fkg（大鼠经口）\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>2.刺激性\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>家兔经皮：2mg（24h），重度刺激。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>家兔经眼：250μg（24h），重度刺激。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>3.致突变性 微生物致突变：构巢曲霉200mg\u002FL。姐妹染色单体交换：人淋巴细胞125μmol\u002FL。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>3,4-二氯苯胺生态学数据:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>1.生态毒性\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>LC50：7.26~8.95mg\u002FL（96h）（黑头呆鱼，36d）；＜0.1mg\u002FL（96h）（水蚤）\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>2.生物降解性 暂无资料\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>3.非生物降解性空气中，当羟基自由基浓度为5.00×10\u003Csup>5\u003C\u002Fsup>个\u002Fcm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>时，降解半衰期为17h（理论）。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>4.生物富集性 BCF：30.2（斑马鱼，接触时间10h）\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fen\u002Fcas\u002F95-76-1_392656.html#duXinDiv\">3,4-二氯苯胺毒性英文版\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003C\u002Ftd>","\u003Cp>1.以无水三氯化铁作催化剂，向105℃的熔融状态的对硝基氯苯通入氯气，得3,4-二氯硝基苯。再在回流状态下与铁粉、甲酸和水进行还原反应，得到3,4-二氯苯胺。3,4-二氯硝基苯也可以由邻二氯苯硝化而得。在与铁粉的还原反应中可用冰醋酸代替甲酸。另一种还原方法是催化加氢法。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>2.其制备方法是在反应釜中加入对氯硝基苯、无水三氯化铁催化剂，于100～110℃通入氯气，当测定氯化反应物凝固点到30～31℃时即为反应终点。将此物移至还原釜，再加入硫代硫酸钠(以消除反应物中剩余氯的影响)、甲酸，加热到100℃(回流状态)慢慢加入铁粉(约4～5h加完)，而后继续保持回流反应，当观察不到硝基苯存在时即为反应终点。加入3，4-二氯苯胺产量5～6倍的氯苯，搅拌0.5～1.0 h，经冷却、过滤并以少量氯苯洗涤滤渣，所得滤液为3，4-二氯苯胺的氯苯溶液，加热脱氯苯得3，4-二氯苯胺。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr \u002F>也可以用3，4-二氯硝基苯催化加氢而制得。在高压釜中加入3，4-二氯硝基苯，并加入兰尼镍催化剂，工业乙醇为溶剂，用氮气赶高压系统3次，氢气赶3次，然后充氢气达压力为4 MPa，同时升温至60～70℃进行反应，直到不吸收氢气为止，然后冷却经后处理可得成品。\u003Cbr \u002F>此外，也可用邻二氯苯为原料，经硝化得3，4-二氯硝基苯，再进一步还原得成品。国外大部分企业用此法生产3，4-二氯苯胺。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Ctd>\n\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 国标编号: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 61768 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> ＣＡＳ: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 95-76-1 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 中文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 3,4-二氯苯胺 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 英文名称: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 3,4-Dichloroaniline \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 别 名: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 分子式: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> C\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>H\u003Csub>5\u003C\u002Fsub>C\u003Csub>l2\u003C\u002Fsub>N；C\u003Csub>l2\u003C\u002Fsub>C\u003Csub>6\u003C\u002Fsub>H\u003Csub>3\u003C\u002Fsub>NH\u003Csub>2\u003C\u002Fsub> \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 分子量: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 162.02 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 熔 点: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 72℃ 沸点：272℃ \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 密 度: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 相对密度(空气=1)5.59 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 蒸汽压: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 166℃\u002F开杯 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 溶解性: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 微溶于水，溶于多数有机溶剂 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 稳定性: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 稳定 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 外观与性状: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 褐色针状结晶 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 危险标记: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 15(毒害品) \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>\u003Cstrong> 用 途: \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd> 用于染料中间体、农药中间体及生物组分中间体 \u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\u003Cb> 2.对环境的影响: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 一、健康危害 \n\u003Cbr \u002F> 侵入途径：吸入、食入、经皮吸收。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>健康危害：与苯胺及氯苯胺的作用类似，是强高铁血蛋白形成剂。对中枢神经系统、肝、肾有损害。引起头痛、头晕、恶心、呕吐、指甲与上唇青紫、呼吸困难等。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>慢性影响：患者有神经衰弱综合症表现，伴有轻度发绀、贫血和肝、脾肿大。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F> 二、毒理学资料及环境行为 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>急性毒性：LD\n\u003Csub>50\u003C\u002Fsub>648mg\u002Fkg(大鼠经口)\n\u003Cbr \u002F>危险特性：遇明火、高热可燃。与强氧化剂可发生反应。受高热分解，产生有毒的氮氧化物和氯化物气体。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>燃烧(分解)产物：一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氧化氮、氯化氢。 \n\n\u003Cb>3.现场应急监测方法:\u003C\u002Fb>\n\n\u003Cb>4.实验室监测方法:\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 气相色谱法《环境监测资料，1986(1-2)》中国环境监测总站\n\u003Cbr \u002F>气相色谱法；液相色谱法，参照《分析化学手册》(第四分册，色谱分析)，化学工业出版社 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>\n\n\u003Cb>5.环境标准: \u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Ctable>\n\u003Ctbody>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>前苏联\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>0.5mg\u002Fm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>[皮]\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>前苏联(1975)\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>水体中有害物质最高允许浓度\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>0.05mg\u002FL\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003Ctr>\n\u003Ctd>　\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>嗅觉阈浓度\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003Ctd>0.047mg\u002Fm\u003Csup>3\u003C\u002Fsup>\u003C\u002Ftd>\n\u003C\u002Ftr>\n\u003C\u002Ftbody>\n\u003C\u002Ftable>\n\n\u003Cb>6.应急处理处置方法:\u003C\u002Fb>\n\u003Cbr \u002F> 一、泄漏应急处理 \n\u003Cbr \u002F> 隔离泄漏污染区，周围设警告标志，建议应急处理人员戴好防毒面具，穿化学防护服。不要直接接触泄漏物，避免扬尘，用洁净的铲子收集于干燥净洁有盖的容器中，运至废物处理场所。也可以用大量水冲洗，经稀释的洗水放入废水系统。如大量泄漏，收集回收或无害处理后废弃。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F> 二、防护措施 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>呼吸系统防护：高浓度环境中，佩带防毒面具。紧急事态抢救或逃生时，应该佩戴自给式呼吸器。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>眼睛防护：戴安全防护眼镜。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>防护服：穿紧袖工作服，长统胶鞋。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>手防护：戴橡皮手套。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>其它：工作现场禁止吸烟、进食和饮水。及时换洗工作服。工作前不饮酒，用温水洗澡。监测毒物。进行就业前和定期的体检。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F> 三、急救措施 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>皮肤接触：立即脱去污染的衣着，用肥皂水及清水彻底冲洗。注意手、足和指甲等部位。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>眼睛接触：立即提起眼睑，用大量流动清水或生理盐水冲洗。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>吸入：迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。呼吸困难时给输氧。呼吸停止时，立即进行人工呼吸。就医。\n\u003Cbr \u002F>食入：误服者给漱口，饮水，洗胃后口服活性炭，再给以导泻。就医。 \n\u003Cbr \u002F>灭火方法：雾状水、二氧化碳、砂土、干粉、泡沫。\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr \u002F>\u003Cbr 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